In order to avoid battery over-charges and over-discharges and improve the battery pack capacity, a passive equalization controller based on fuzzy logic control (FLC) is proposed to reduce the impact on inconsistency in manufacture and use processes of battery pack. A cell's state of charge (SOC) difference and its temperature is chosen as the FLC's input and the balance current is chosen as the FLC's output. The advantage of this FLC is can reach a larger balancing current and control the batteries temperature at the same time compare with average SOC controller and switch controller. Simulation results show that the equalization strategy based on FLC can achieve battery pack balance in a shorter time in a lower finish temperature. This equalization strategy can provide battery management system (BMS) designer a higher performance control strategy on the basis of the existing hardware platform.

Ultrasonic signals can be thought of as one-dimensional time series, which is difficult to describe in traditional Euclidean space. Fractal theory and fractal dimension can describe the internal self-affine or self-similar characteristics in different state spaces to reveal the working mechanism of complex systems. This paper introduces fractal theory into the analysis of simulated ultrasonic echo signals. The fractal scale-free interval of simulated ultrasonic signal is determined by grid method. The effects of center frequency, bandwidth factor and signal-to-noise ratio of simulated ultrasonic signal on the box dimension are analyzed.

Seawater in the coastal waters of Qingdao, China was collected, and COD was measured by ozone oxidation chemiluminescence method and alkaline potassium permanganate method which was adopted in China as the standard method for measuring COD in seawater, respectively. The results show that when COD was less than 1 mg/L, the absolute error of ozone oxidation chemiluminescence method was less than 0.1 mg/L, and when COD was more than 1 mg/L, the relative error was less than 10%. The relative standard deviation of ozone oxidation chemiluminescence method was lower than 5%, and the detection limit was 0.0022 mg/L. The results of ozone oxidation chemiluminescence method were close to those of alkaline potassium permanganate method. With higher precision, lower detection limit, faster measurement, and online measurement, ozone oxidation chemiluminescence method is an ideal monitoring method for COD in seawater in the field.

In this paper, the electrochemical mechanism and regularity of corrosion of steel bars in seawater sea-sand concrete under different chloride ion erosion styles are studied. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to electrochemically test of steel bars in seawater sea-sand concrete (SSC). By means of analyzing the AC impedance spectra of the steel bars in specimens under two conditions, the conclusions can be gotten that in the EIS diagram of the steel bar in the rust state, the added capacitance arc in medium frequency range is related to pitting corrosion of the steel surface; The chloride ion carried by the aggregate and water decreased the concrete resistivity and transfer resistance of rebar and the anodic oxidation was easier to be carried out. In the equivalent circuit model, the constant phase element (CPE) is taken to replace the capacitor simulation in the equivalent circuit in order to simulate charge and discharge behavior of the electric double layer.

China has been promoting clean energy heating in an all-around way since recent year to reduce air pollution and energy consumption as a result of using coal for winter heating. Supported by a series of Chinese government policies, a coal-to-electricity project become a significant measure for clean energy heating in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the surrounding areas, which has obviously improved air quality in northern China. The coal-to-electricity project can involve engagement from multiple levels of government and social companies, wherein government is uniquely positioned to provide leadership. However, factors contributing or hindering policies into practice are largely unexplored. This paper presents a review on coal-to-electricity policies into practice through summarizing government policies and practical investigation, including its planning, scope, funding, process, and technical types analysis. In addition, a prospect of coal-to-electricity project in northern China is also given. It is found that the coal-to-electricity project holds a meaningful contribution and promising potential of development given the urgent need for clean energy heating in large areas of northern China. Government financial subsidy is driving force and efficient technical types are carrier. It was further demonstrated that a large amount of government financial subsidy and the application of efficient technology will contribute to the implementation of coal-to-electricity project, which may provide reference for transition of other energy and low carbon policies into practice.

Nano Fe3O4 was prepared by co-precipitation method and loaded into cellulose and biochar to prepare Fe3O4-chitosan-cellulose and Fe3O4-chitosan-biochar.XRD, ft-ir, SEM and energy spectrum showed that the target product was obtained. Fe3O4-chitosan-cellulose and Fe3O4-chitosan-biochar flocculant used in coal slime water treatment respectively. The results showed that water turbidity and COD removal rate of Fe3O4-chitosan-cellulose were 96.90% and 78.34% respectively and the water turbidity and COD removal rates of Fe3O4-chitosan-biochar on slurry water were 94.05% and 73.89% respectively. Fe3O4-chitosan-biochar treatment is better.