Based on the investigation data about Cd in Jiaozhou Bay in August, 1992, we calculated the horizontal increase amount and vertical diluted amount of Cd content in surface and bottom layers from the southwest waters of the bay to the west waters of the bay mouth, and set up the model block diagram of horizontal and vertical changes of Cd content. The results present that in August, the absolutely increase amount of Cd content in surface and bottom layers was 0.16-0.34μg/L, and the relatively increase amount of Cd content in surface and bottom layers was 51.51-66.66%. In the waters of southwest bay and west bay mouth, Cd content in surface and bottom layers had absolutely vertical diluted amount of 0.24-0.42μg/L, and its relatively vertical diluted amount was 63.63-75.00%. In the horizontal migration process of Cd content in the surface and bottom layers, the horizontal increase amount of Cd content in the surface and bottom layers reached a relatively high level from the southwest of bay to the west of bay mouth. It reveals that in the bay waters, in the parallel and opposite movement of the two currents, the current entering into the bay carried a high value of Cd content, and the Cd content migrated from the water with high content to the water with low content through the diffusion and migration of Cd content. Moreover, the migration direction of Cd content was perpendicular to the parallel movement direction of the two currents. In this way, the low-value Cd content in the outward current was increased, and at the same time, the vertical diffusion, migration and settlement of the high-value Cd content led to the increase of the Cd content in bottom layer in the outward current. In the process of vertical sediment of Cd content in the surface and bottom layers, the current had a low value of Cd content in the bay waters, and the vertical diluted amount of Cd content in the surface and bottom layers reached a high level; in the bay mouth waters, the current had high Cd content, but the vertical diluted amount of Cd content in the surface and bottom layers was also very high. In conclusion, the vertical diluted amount of Cd content in the surface and bottom layers kept a high value regardless of whether the current left the bay or whether the current carried high or low Cd content.

Based on the horizontal and vertical matter content changing models proposed by the author himself, this article calculates the horizontal loss amount, vertical disputed amount and vertical sediment amount, and determines the block diagram of horizontal and vertical Cd content changing model, applying the investigation matters about the Cd content of Jiaozhou Bay in May, August, and October, 1992. According to the calculation results of horizontal loss amount and horizontal increase amount of Cd content in the bottom layer and the vertical disputed amount and vertical sediment amount of Cd content in the surface and bottom layer, the author proposes the dynamic migration process of Cd content in Jiaozhou Bay, pinpoint the migration direction and route of Cd content from southeast waters to the center waters of the bay in May, August and October: sources→surface layer of southeast water→bottom layer of southeast water→bottom layer of center water→surface layer of center water, and get the dynamic changing process of absolute and relative migration amount of Cd content.

The effective electric vehicles (EVs) charging price is one of economic incentive approaches for implementation of charging strategy for EVs on freeways. An EVs charging pricing method is proposed by considering the EV charging demands and strategy. The busy and idle charging capacities model, and busy and idle charging prices model are established to test the proposed method effectiveness. The charging of EVs on freeways, under different charging strategies, is simulated by queuing model and queuing algorithm according to related data, and the paper verifies the proposed method.

Chromium (Cr) pollution in marine environmental is one of the critical environmental issues in the whole world. Understanding the background pollution and source of Cr in marine bay is essential to pollution control and environmental remediation. Jiaozhou Bay is a semi-closed bay located in Shandong Province, China. This paper analyzed the background pollution and source of Cr in surface waters in Jiaozhou Bay in April and July 1989. Results showed that Cr contents in April and July were 1.01-3.29 μg L −1 and 0.63-2.36 μg L −1 , respectively. These contents were much lower than the Grade I (50 μg L −1 ) for Cr in Sea Water Quality Standard (GB 3097-1997). The pollution level of Cr in Jiaozhou Bay in 1989 was very slight, and the background pollution level of Cr could be considered as 0.63-3.29 μg L −1 . The major anthropogenic sources of Cr were atmosphere deposition and river discharge, whose source strengths were 3.29 μg L −1 and 2.36 μg L −1 , respectively. In general, the background pollution of Cr was very slight in Jiaozhou Bay in 1989 and the influence of human activities was still light.

Using investigation on Cadmium (Cd) in surfac and bottom waters in this bay during 1984-1988, this paper analyzed the horizontal distributions of Cd, defined that different spatio-temporal status of the settlement processes. Results showed that Cd contents in bottom waters were relative high/low in case of Cd contents in surface waters were relative high/low, and diffference of Cd contents between surface and bottom waters were also relative high/low in case of the Cd contents in surface waters were relative high/low. The diffference of Cd contents between surface and bottom waters were relative low in general. These indicated the settlement processes of Cd from surface waters to bottom waters were very rapid. There were three different status along with the time axis, as well as three different status along with the space axis. Taking time axis as the X-axis and space axis as the Y-axis, the blok diagram model of the nine spatio-temporal status of the vertical migration processes were established. Furthermore, the paper revealed the features of the settlement processes.

The existing study of proper carrying capacity (PCC) has mostly focused on province or county administrative units, which can only macroscopically master the quantitative characteristics of PCC, but could not effectively take some animal husbandry management measures that are pertinent and operational. At town-scale, this paper used CASA model to estimate the PCC in Mongolian Autonomous County of Henan, Qinghai province, China,with serious grassland degeneration that mainly caused by overgrazing. The results showed that the PCC throughout the County was 950,417 sheep unit. For the township, the PCC of Saierlong and Duosong were the largest (247,100 sheep unit) and the smallest (82,016 sheep unit) respectively. This study will provide reference data for developing sustainable development of town-scale pasture policies and also will help to evaluate the health status of the alpine grassland ecosystem on Qinghai-Tibet plateau.