Background and Objectives: One of the speech disorders of school age children is stuttering. It has a great impact on communication and self-esteem in these children. There have not been many studies on the efficacy of treatment programs, especially the Lidcomb treatment program, on the severity of stuttering in school-age children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Lidcomb treatment program on stuttering in school-age children. Subjects and Methods In this study, 15 children aged 7-11 years with stuttering were administered the Lidcomb treatment. Severity of stuttering was measured in three positions: the beginning of the study, at the end of the first phase and the end of the second phase of the Lidcomb program. Analysis of variance was performed with the SPSS software. Results Comparison of the results showed a significant decrease in stuttering severity in school-age children following the implementation of the Lidcomb program (P=0.000).Conclusion  The Lidcomb treatment program is a structured and targeted program that can be effective in reducing stuttering in school-age children.

Introduction & Objective: Inflammation plays a major role in insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc supplementation and combined exercise on the level of some inflammatory factors in men with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, 48 men with type 2 diabetes were randomly selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: control, supplement, exercise and combination (supplement + exercise). The training protocol included six weeks of training, three sessions per week, and each training session consisted of 60 minutes of combined resistance training and aerobic training. Zinc supplementation was taken daily in a capsule containing 30 mg of sulfate. Results: The results showed that exercise training significantly reduces inflammatory factors and glycemic index compared to the control group (P <0.05). Supplemental consumption also significantly reduces inflammatory factors without a significant effect on glycemic index compared to the control group (P <0.05).. Changes in IL-1β and insulin resistance were significantly higher in the training and combination groups than in the supplement group (P <0.05). Also, changes in CPR and fasting blood sugar were more in the combination group than in the supplement group (P <0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that both zinc supplementation and exercise interventions reduce the level of inflammation in diabetic patients, but for more effectiveness and improvement of insulin resistance, exercise interventions are needed.

Background and Objectives Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, and itsincreasing growth has led to numerous health and socioeconomic problems in the community.Subjects and Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 40 men with type 2 diabetes were selected fromthe volunteers based on a nutritional questionnaire, exercise abilities, body mass index, and physicalhealth. They were randomly divided into four groups: exercise, nettle, exercise plus nettle, and control.The resistance training program was performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week with an intensity of60% to 70% of a maximum repetition, and aerobic exercise with an intensity of 60% to 80% of maximumheart rate. The dose of nettle was 100 mg per day. Blood sampling was performed before fasting and48 hours after the last training session. Data were analyzed using paired t test and analysis of variance.Results After eight weeks of intervention, there was a significant difference in fasting insulin and glucoselevels between the groups (P= 0.001 and P= 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference inthe retinol levels bound to protein 4 between all groups (P= 0.096).Conclusion The results showed that both exercise and nettle interventions reduce fasting insulin and glucoselevels, but reducing retinol levels bound to protein 4, exercise and nettle interventions are needed.

Introduction. The aim of the present study was to examine a number of vocal acoustic parameters in a group of male and female elementary school teachers in comparison to their normal peers. Materials and Methods. Fifteen female and 15 male primary schoolteachers in the age range of 35–40 years with 15 years teaching experience volunteered to participate in the study. The control group consisted of similar age who they were not teacher (15 men and 15 women). Recordings and audio signal analyses were carried out using Praat software. Each subject was asked to sustain the vowel /^a/ using habitual and constant vocal pitch, loudness, and quality for at least 5 seconds. Five tokens from each subject were obtained. Results. For the male subjects, the results indicated no significant difference (at the 0.05 level) for each variable between the two groups. However, for the female subjects, t tests showed significant differences between the teachers and the nonteacher controls in all parameters at the 0.01 level. The female teachers had significantly lower F0 (190.27 Hz) than the control group (236.32 Hz). Also, for the perturbation acoustic parameters (jitter% and shimmer%) and harmonics-to-noise ratio the female teacher group had significantly higher values than their corresponding control group. Discussion.The results indicate that female teachers appear to be more susceptible to voice stability change than the male teachers. Also, acoustic analysis of voice for teachers may significantly contribute to the objective voice examination of this group.

Introduction: Esophageal atresia is one of the most common congenital anomalies in neonates, and it can increase the incidence of complications and mortality, so it is essential to find a way to cure this disease more successfully. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of maintaining the azygos vein in esophageal fistula in esophageal atresia patients. Materials and Method: This study was performed on 40 neonates (20 patients in the preserved group and 20 patients in the ligation group). After recording the patient's demographic data, the complications of both surgical procedures, duration of surgery and hospital stay were recorded. Chi-square and t-tests were used to compare the data. Results: In the present study, it was found that the maintenance of azygos vein in neonates with esophageal atresia can increase the duration of surgery (P <0.05), but it also reduces the hospitalization and ICU stay and, on the other hand, the incidence of various complications such as pneumonia and anastomosis leak decreased. (P <0.05) Conclusion: Therefore, in neonates who are candidates for surgical treatment of esophageal atresia and who are admitted to the surgical department, this surgical method can be used instead of the classical.

Background and Objectives Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world after cardiovasculardisease, so the aim of the present study was to investigate phthalimide and naphthalimide derivatives inorder to develop anticancer compounds.Subjects and Methods In this study, the cytotoxic activity of six phthalimed and naphthalamide derivativeswas evaluated using MTT method on three cancerous cell lines, including breast cancer (MCF-7),ovarian cancer (SKOV3) and lung cancer (A549) cell line. Molecular Docking studies were also performedto determine the binding energy and the compounds interaction with DNA as a possible target of thesecompounds.Results Based on MTT results, compound C1, a naphthalimide derivative, showed the highest cytotoxicactivity. IC50 values of this compound against MCF-7, SKOV3 and A549 cancer cell lines were 1.7, 6.2and 9.5 μM, respectively. Also, comparison of phthalimide and naphthalimide derivatives showed thatcompounds C1, C3, C5 with carboxyl group had better effects than other compounds, C2, C6, C4, whichbearing 5-amidoisophthalic acid moiety.Conclusion In general, naphthalimide derivatives showed better cytotoxicity than phthalimide derivatives.Compound C1 has the highest cytotoxic activity on all three cancer cell lines and can be furtherstudied in the development of new anti-cancer compounds.