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Abstract
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We introduce stable equivalence classes of oriented links in orientable three-manifolds that are
orientation –bundles
over closed but not necessarily orientable surfaces. We call these twisted virtual links
and show that they subsume the virtual knots introduced by L Kauffman and the
projective links introduced by Yu V Drobotukhina. We show that these links have
unique minimal genus three-manifolds. We use link diagrams to define an extension of
the Jones polynomial for these links and show that this polynomial fails to
distinguish two-colorable links over nonorientable surfaces from non-two-colorable
virtual links.
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Keywords
virtual link, projective link, stable equivalence, Jones
polynomial, fundamental group
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Mathematical Subject Classification 2000
Primary: 57M25, 57M27, 57M15, 57M05
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Publication
Received: 10 August 2006
Accepted: 14 November 2007
Published: 26 July 2008
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