Subacute Toxicity Assessment of Water Disinfection Byproducts on Zebrafish Gergely Rácz Zsolt Csenki Róbert Kovács Árpád Hegyi Ferenc Baska László Sujbert Ivett Zsákovics Renáta Kis Ryan Gustafson Béla Urbányi Béla Szende Email author Research First Online: 11 December 2011 Received: 25 August 2011 Accepted: 17 November 2011 DOI :
10.1007/s12253-011-9479-3
Cite this article as: Rácz, G., Csenki, Z., Kovács, R. et al. Pathol. Oncol. Res. (2012) 18: 579. doi:10.1007/s12253-011-9479-3
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Abstract Disinfection of raw water is essential to the production of drinking water. However, by-products of disinfection may exert toxic effects. The potential toxic effects of two of these compounds, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde (EBA) and 2,4-difluoroaniline (DFA) were investigated using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. The two compounds, dissolved, were introduced in duplicate aquariums containing zebrafish in two different concentrations based on LC50 values. The aquarium water containing EBA or DFA was changed every 96 h throughout the 3 months of treatment. Behavior of the fish in each replicate was inspected twice daily. In course of treatment with both concentrations, fish exposed to DFA displayed behavior associated with visible anxiety, while EBA treated were lethargic and did not evade capture. Application of both concentrations of each component into the aquarium water resulted in dystrophic lesions in the liver, kidney and skin of the fish while preneoplastic lesions and tumors were not observed.
Keywords 4-ethylbenzaldehyde 2,4-difluoroaniline Zebrafish Water disinfection byproducts Abbreviations EBA 4-ethylbenzaldehyde
DFA 2,4-difluoroaniline
DBP Disinfection byproduct
ASV Air saturation volume
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Authors and Affiliations Gergely Rácz Zsolt Csenki Róbert Kovács Árpád Hegyi Ferenc Baska László Sujbert Ivett Zsákovics Renáta Kis Ryan Gustafson Béla Urbányi Béla Szende Email author 1. 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research Semmelweis University Budapest Budapest Hungary 2. Department of Fish Culture, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Szent István University Gödöllő Hungary 3. Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Szent István University Budapest Hungary 4. Institute of Hygiene Semmelweis University Budapest Budapest Hungary 5. 3D HISTECH Kft Budapest Hungary 6. Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill USA