Table of contents

In these conference proceedings we present papers from the 6th International Scientific Practical Conference on Innovation Technology and Economics in Engineering held at the Yurga Institute of Technology branch of the National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University from 21st – 23rd May 2015. The proceedings contain the selected scientific reports submitted to the conference. Having started in 1996, the scientific conference at the Yurga Institute of Technology branch of the National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University acquired international status in 2010. This year, scholars from Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, China, Germany and Poland have submitted their papers to the conference.

The scientific reports published in these proceedings have been revised and approved by the editorial team of the conference. All of the reports exhibit clear, concise, and precise expositions that appeal to a broad international readership interested in mechanical engineering, welding, metallurgy, materials science as well as in computer-aided manufacturing and economics. The reports present original ideas or results of general significance supported by clear reasoning and compelling evidence, and employ methods, theories and practices relevant to the research. The authors state clearly the questions and the significance of their research to theory and practice, describe how the research contributes to new knowledge, and provide tables and figures that meaningfully add to the narrative.

The organizing committee of the conference thanks all the participants for their fruitful work and personal contribution to the development of these conference proceedings.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Electrodeposition conditions, structural-physical and mechanical properties (microhardness, cohesion with a base, wear resistance, corrosion currents) of electroplated composite coatings on the base of nickel with nano and micro-powders of titanium boride are investigated. It has been found out that electro-crystallization of nickel with boride nanoparticles is the cause of coating formation with structural fragments of small sizes, low porosity and improved physical and mechanical properties. Titanium nano-boride is a component of composite coating, as well as an effective modifier of nickel matrix. Nano-boride of the electrolyte improves efficiency of the latter due to increased permissible upper limit of the cathodic current density.

This work reports the scientific and technological grounds for plasma synthesis of titanium diboride, including thermodynamic and kinetic conditions of boride formation when titanium and titanium dioxide are interacting with products resulting from boron gasification in the nitrogen - hydrogen plasma flow, and two variations of its behavior using the powder mixtures: titanium - boron and titanium dioxide - boron. To study these technology variations, the mathematical models were derived, describing the relation between element contents in the synthesized products of titanium and free boron and basic parameters. The probable mechanism proposed for forming titanium diboride according to a "vapour - melt - crystal" pattern was examined, covering condensation of titanium vapour in the form of aerosol, boriding of nanoscale melt droplets by boron hydrides and crystallization of titanium - boron melt. The comprehensive physical - chemical certification of titanium diboride was carried out, including the study of its crystal structure, phase and chemical composition, dispersion, morphology and particle oxidation. Technological application prospects for use of titanium diboride nanoscale powder as constituent element in the wettable coating for carbon cathodes having excellent physical and mechanical performance and protective properties.

Technological advantages and conditions of new quality assurance of coatings and products, provided by silicon nano-carbide, have been ascertained in the course of composite electrodeposition of coatings, structural ceramics patterning, and surface hardening of steels via electro-explosive alloying. Silicon nano-carbide has been recommended to be used as a component of wear and corrosion resistant chromium carbide electrodeposited coatings, which can be operated at high temperatures and used for strengthening tools and equipment including those with a complex microrelief of functional surfaces. Silicon nano-carbide as a component of composite "silicon carbide - boron - carbon" can be applied to produce ceramic half products via solid phase sintering in argon under pressure of 0.1 MPa and temperature 2273 K. Application of silicon nano-carbide in technology of tool steel surface hardening via electroexplosive alloying ensures obtaining of a high micro-hard, wear and heat resistant shielding layer which is about 20 μm deep.

Scientific and technological basics of plasma synthesis of chromium carbonitride have been developed, including analysis of the current production state and application of chromium carbon compounds, defining characteristics of three-jet plasma reactor, modeling- mathematical study of interaction of raw materials and plasma streams, prediction of technological parameters of plasma stream based on the modeling results, selection of optimal technological option, implementation of plasma-metallurgical technology of chromium nitride production, its physical-chemical certification and defining technical-economical production factors.

The main approaches to the technical diagnosis and assessment of residual life of potentially dangerous equipment FEC, currently in use. A new conceptual model resource assessment of parts and units of fuel and energy complex. On the issue of technical diagnostics are considered in complex positions.

This work presents peculiarities of forming a structure, phase and chemical composition while welding medium-carbon steels (Steel 45) depending on a heat content of molten electrode metal droplets when using welding power sources having different power parameters. It was experimentally established that the power inverter provides the decreased heat input into droplets of electrode metal during the welding process. This stimulates obtaining a fine-grained structure of the deposited metal and heat affected zone, reduces the extent of the HAZ that enhances working properties of welded joints.

This paper presents peculiar properties of structure formation, phase and chemical composition while welding of low-alloy steel 09MnSi2-l depending on the dynamic characteristics of power sources of different types. Proper selection of power sources enables to decrease burning of alloy elements in metal of weld (Mn by 14% and Si by 17% of the weight ratio), to obtain more homogenous structure of deposited metal, to reduce length of heat-affected zone by 50% and to improve impact strength by 4-9%.

The paper provides results of comparative analysis of the effect of carbonaceous components introduced into welding fluxes on molten metal - slag interaction. Thermodynamical calculations of dehydrogenization are presented for submerged arc welding.

A positive influence of carbonaceous additives on gas content and mechanical properties of welds is demonstrated. Carbon and fluorine containing additives are emphasized to be promising for automatic submerged arc welding.

Experimental research has been carried out into AN 26C flux surfacing with flux cored wires made of dust-like carbon and fluorine containing components and tungsten- containing ores. The investigations have revealed the fact that tungsten can be reduced immediately from tungsten-containing oxide materials. The chemical composition of added metal has been determined, as well as slag compositions after surfacing; hardness, wear resistance have been investigated and metallographic tests have been carried out. Thermodynamic calculations of reactions of WO3, as well as W2C and WC carbides reduction to W by carbon and carbon oxide have been made in standard conditions at temperature T = 1500 - 6000 K. The obtained thermodynamic characteristics of reactions have demonstrated that in the course of WO3 reduction tungsten is most likely to be obtained in terms of thermodynamics, subsequently W2C and WC carbides. After these reactions those of W2C and WC carbides obtaining are thermodynamically possible via reduced tungsten and carbon composition.

This paper presents results of experiments on how tungsten, molybdenum and aluminum oxyhydroxide nanopowders, imbedded into the weld pool, affect corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of welded joints. It is shown that nanopowders have a significant effect on the intergranular corrosion of the weld.

It is possible to increase the MAG-welding efficiency by controlling the electrode metal mass transfer at the reduction of discharge coefficient on spattering by influence of longitudinal magnetic field on the arc. The paper identifies a range of longitudinal magnetic field frequencies and induction which provide the discharge coefficient reduction of the electrode metal; it has also been found the characteristics of their mutual influence on electrode metal mass transfer process; mathematical models correlating the frequency and induction of longitudinal magnetic field length with loss coefficient of electrode metal on spattering are presented; technological recommendations, the implementation of which will allow to improve the efficiency of MAG-welding in industrial environments, are given.

Currently one of the advanced ways of obtaining quality welded joint while welding of medium alloy martensitic-bainitic steel is the one with impulse supply of electrode wire in gas mixture Ar(70%±3%)+C02(30%±3%). Results of experimental studies proved that application of protective gas Ar(70%±3%)+C02(30%±3%) in comparison with CO2(100%) enables to increase strength properties of the welded joint by 10-15% and enlarge the transition coefficient of chemical elements.

The paper provides description of research into the influence of new materials and technologies on quality parameters of welds and added metal carried out at research and production center «Welding processes and technologies».

New welding technologies of tanks for northern conditions are considered, as well as technologies of submerged arc welding involving fluxing agents AN - 348, AN - 60, AN - 67, OK. 10.71 and carbon-fluorine containing additives, new flux cored wires and surfacing technologies, teaching programs and a trainer for welders are designed.

We have investigated the influence of the modes of adaptive pulse-arc welding and surfacing on the structure and physical-mechanical properties of welded joints of steel 09Mn2Si and the surfaced composition of this steel coated with modified powder material of chromium carbide with the submicrocrystalline structure. It is shown that the pulsed mode of welding and surfacing can improve the homogeneity of the structure of the welded joint of steel and surfaced coating and reduce the grain size of metals in both of them. Structural changes lead to the increase in ductility and toughness of the weld metal.

The article is devoted to handling a vital scientific and technical problem of improving operational reliability and safety of critical constructions, exploited in Siberia and Far North, by developing of new technological approaches to welding. In the article results of X-ray diffraction examinations of 09Mn2Si steel welded joints are given, produced by different welding operations. Resulting from researches, the authors have concluded that pulse-arc welding is the most preferred welding process as compared with direct current welding.

The authors have completed thermodynamic calculations of oxidation-reduction processes under submerged arc welding with application of carbon containing additive. The calculations have shown that carbon, due to its high reducing properties under T = 1950 - 2200 K, introduced into the system can significantly decrease the amount of non-metallic inclusions in the weld metal and so improve its mechanical properties.

The paper develops scientific and technological bases for fabrication of titanium carbide which is a nanocomponent of composite materials. The authors determine optimum technology specifications and the main titanium carbide properties: fineness of titaniferous raw materials, carbide-forming agent quantity, set temperature of plasma flow, tempering temperature, titanium carbide yield, productivity, specific surface, size and shape of particles. The paper includes equations to describe how the major specifications of the fabrication technique influence the content of titanium carbide and free carbon in the end product.

The paper provides results of comparative analysis of the effect of carbonaceous components introduced into welding fluxes on molten metal - slag interaction. A positive influence of carbonaceous additives on gas content and mechanical properties of welds is demonstrated. Carbon and fluorine containing additives are emphasized to be promising for automatic submerged arc welding.

A carbide alloy with gradient structure consisting of viscous core of WC10KS alloy and more wear-resistant surface of alloy WC6-OM has been obtained by means of electrodischarge hardening by alloying. The core of this alloy can bear considerable shock loads, and its surface serves as wear-resistant cutting tools.

The article reveals new knowledge about the role of zirconium in the composition of (Ti, Zr)N ion-plasma coating applied on WC10KS alloy. It is determined that when zirconium is introduced into ion-plasma coating TiN (50%) wear resistance and adhesion strength grow, nanohardness increases by 23% (up to 38500MPa), Yung's modulus rises by 67%, friction coefficient reduces to p = 0.07 and performance characteristics of a carbide alloy improve.

The paper analyzes the systems used for controlling molten wire metal droplets during the arc welding process in shielding gases. The variations for implementing the relevant systems are given, with the positive and negative aspects of such implementation taken into account. Electrical systems are currently investigated to the fullest extent possible and implemented in different power sources for pulsed welding arc. Mechanical systems are represented by different types of feeders that provide the pulsed wire feeding process. The feed mechanisms driven by electric motors and electromagnets are analyzed. In addition to the mechanical and electrical systems, the examples of combined control systems are given.

Today there are many computer systems for modeling of the casting technology processes. All of them allow calculating the availability and distribution of the shrinkage porosity in the test casting, but this information allows only making changes in existing casting technology. In this paper you obtain the information about changes in the local and structural mechanical properties of the casting in the presence of its volume shrinkage porosity. Article presents the results of direct experimental studies of technological defects (shrinkage and gas porosity) impact on the mechanical properties of low carbon steel castings. Methods of investigation are also disclosed, including the methods for producing of molded samples obtained at different process conditions and the crystallization apparatus which is described for the measuring of the density of the samples. There are the mathematical relationship for the elastic modulus, yield stress, elongation and fatigue characteristics fracture cast steel with low carbon content in the presence of the volumetric shrinkage porosity.

The authors consider prospects for technological complex establishment in machine building industry on the basis of electromechatronic propulsion systems for production of innovative products with different novelty levels: world, state, brunch, region, etc.

Formation of folded structure in the zone of [111] FCC single crystals maximum bending has been studied on the example of nickel under compression tests. Quasi-periodical behavior of misorientation change in the folded structure has been established following the direction to increasing Schmid factor for the acting slip systems. Change in misorientation inside and on the boundaries of the formed folding coincides with its accumulation in dislocation system: inside and on the boundaries of deformation bands.

The paper presents the results of investigations of deformed natural polycrystalline olivine. The relationship of the structure of polycrystalline olivine grains to three modal size distributions has been revealed. Grains of different size were observed to be strained at threshold temperatures of 950, 775, and 650°C. It has been demonstrated that the microstructure develops as the dislocation mechanism changes from diffusion creep to grain boundary sliding. The changes in deformation mechanisms promote the change in the preferred crystallographic orientations of olivine from type A to type D and then to type B. The relation of the transitions between different types of orientations to the conditions of deformation in the lower layers of the lithosphere at the plate boundaries is discussed.

The article represents the main noninvasive methods of heart electrical activity examination, theoretical bases of solution of electrocardiography inverse problem, application of different methods of heart examination in clinical practice, and generalized achievements in this sphere in global experience.

The article describes technological aspects of the marking process using solid-state fibre laser. It presents the analysis of the technological modes and errors of the precise laser marking and establishes low density of the laser system as one of the causes of the poor quality of a laser seam. The article reviews the use of the following material laser marking is performed on - plastic with fine metal and conductive surface coating.

The paper presents the thermocapillary model for the formation of nanostructures in surface layers of materials. It is based on Navier-Stokes hydrodynamic equations, the thermal conductivity equation, the state equation and the boundary conditions. A search for the solutions in the form of a progressive wave has been carried out. The dispersion equation has been obtained and analyzed. The dependence of the instability increment on wavelength has been built. The values of the critical wavelength, at which thermocapillary instability for iron and titanium comes, have been obtained. Value comparison of the calculated wavelengths with cell sizes of crystallization has showed a satisfactory agreement.

The electron-beam processing of silumin, leading to the evolution of structure-phase state of its surface is carried out. It has been shown that this alloy is a multiphase material and contains, except an aluminum-based phase, the particles of intermetallic compounds of Al-Si- Fe-Mn. It is shown that electron beam treatment of the eutectic silumin surface increases the fatigue service life more than in 3.5 times. The analysis of structure-phase states modification of silumin subjected to electron beam treatment with the following fatigue loading up to the failure is carried out by methods of optical and scanning electron diffraction microscopy. Analysis of the surface layer structure revealed the sources of nucleation of submicrocracks. It is revealed that the large silicon plates located on the surface and in the subsurface layer are the most dangerous stress concentrators.

The defect substructure of M00b copper samples loaded up to disruption in creep condition both under and without the action of 0.35 T magnetic field is investigated in the paper. Material near the disrupted surface and at certain distances from it received the serious study. It has been ascertained that when copper disrupting without magnetic action on creep process the main type of dislocation substructure is the cellular one irrespectively of the distance to disruption surface. As the result of magnetic field influence on creep process the main type of dislocation substructure is replaced by the stripe-like one. The distinctive quantitative characteristics of dislocation substructures are observed. Moreover, a gradient behavior of the number of stress raisers has been revealed when moving away from disruption surface both in deformation conditions with and without a magnetic field.

The influence of technological modes of sintering: the displacement velocity of laser beam V, laser power P, scanning step S and preheating temperature of powder material t on the quality of sintered surface layer of aluminum powder PA-4, copper powder PMS-1 and cobalt- chromium-molybdenum powder DSK-F75 were studied.

The authors study reduction of longitudinal ultrasonic oscillations (internal friction Q^-1 and logarithmic decrement δ) in NaClO₃ crystals within the temperature range of 78 - 525 K and relative amplitudes of oscillatory deformation of 10^-7 - 10^-5 according to the method of compound piezoelectric vibrator at the frequencies of ≈ 10⁵ Hz. Q^-1 maximums under the temperatures of 110 K, 240 K, 260 K, ≈ 400 K and its fast growth under the temperature over 500 K are revealed as well as athermic peak of 8 in the region of small deformation amplitudes (near 10^-7).

In the paper we consider the peculiarities of adhesive wear of cutting tools. Simulation of heat flows in the cutting zone showed that, as thermal conduction and heat conductivity of tool material grow, the heat flows from the front and back surfaces to tool holder will increase and so, the temperature of the contact areas of the tool will lower. When estimating the adhesive wear rate of cemented-carbide tool under the cutting rates corresponding to the cutting temperature of up to 900 °C, it is necessary to take the fatigue character of adhesive wear into consideration. The process of accumulation and development of fatigue damage is associated with micro- and macroplastic flowing of material, which is determined by the processes of initiation, motion, generation, and elimination of line defects - dislocations. Density of dislocations grows with increase of the loading cycles amount and increase of load amplitude. Growth of dislocations density leads to loosening of material, formation of micro- and macrocracks. The heat capacity of material grows as the loosening continues. In the given paper the authors prove theoretically that temperature conductivity coefficient which is associated with heat capacity of material, decreases as fatigue wear grows.

The article features simulation of heat build-up in the tool while treatment using different types wide burnishing. The understanding of conditions of heat build-up and heat distribution and the quantitative estimation on the finishing stages of part's treatment is always challenging, because there is a possibility of negative and nonreciprocal effect onto the development of performance properties of treated parts. This issue gains particular importance during treatment, including burnishing using no means of lubrication.

This research features 3D model of development of thermal fields by wide burnishing. By development of 3D model the source of heat build-up is represented as additive aggregate of connecting by width of spot heat sources, operating on the surface of the tool.

The authors study the influence of cooling rate in high-temperature area for thermal cycle of high-cutting chrome-tungsten metal weld deposit on the processes of carbide phase merging and austenite grain growth for the purpose of providing high hardness of deposited metal (HRC 64-66).

This work reports the possible development of oxidative processes in a metal when treating the melt in the ladle under intensive stirring with an inert gas. The industrial data have been received, confirming the possibility of reducing the concentration of silicon and aluminum in the metal, as well as changing the slag chemical composition with the bath blowing with the inert gas through the top submerged lance.

This work reports the problem of processing residual wastes after producing carbon ferrochrome by recycling dust using a hydrometallurgical method with the purpose of extracting the basic component - chromium, The X-ray diffraction analysis results, chemical and granulometric compositions of dust from the carbon ferrochrome production are given, The method for the production of chemical-enrichment concentrate (CEC) by processing ferrous dust is described, with obtaining a middling product - sodium mono-chromate with its further reduction to chromium hydroxide, followed by autoclave leaching, and resulting in the production of chemically enriched chrome concentrate, The plant used for autoclave leaching and filtering is schematically depicted, The smelting process of metallic chromium using the ladle aluminothermic method is described,

This work reports the possible development of reduction processes when treating the molten metal and slag using a ladle furnace under conditions of intensive stirring with an inert gas. The industrial data have been received, confirming the possibility of decreasing the concentration of ferrous and manganese oxides in the slag and stabilizing the contents of manganese and silicon in the metal.

The paper presents the results of the research on improvement of physical-and- mechanical properties of titanium alloys VT1-0 and VT6 by modification of surfaces using ultrasonic treatment, and a comprehensive study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of modified surface layers. It has been established that exposure to ultrasonic treatment leads to formation in the surface layer of a structure with an average size of elements 50 - 100 nm, depending on the brand of titanium alloy.

The interconnection of the abrasive grain front angle parameter with the form, orientation and wear out parameters is investigated. The form of the abrasive grains was estimated by means of form coefficient which represents the relation of diameters of the spheres described around contours of grains, to diameters of the spheres entered in them. The spatial orientation angle of the abrasive grains was defined between main (i.e. the biggest) axis of the grains and the cutting plane. It is established that, depending on an orientation angle at increase in a form coefficient of the abrasive grains can be either an increase or a decrease in the values of their front angles. In most cases, with an increase in a form coefficient of the oriented grinding grains (at orientation angles Θ=10°÷125°) the growth of their front angles is fixed. At tangential orientation of grains (Θ=0°) and at the close directions of orientation (Θ=135°÷80°) the return picture is observed. Also established that the longer the abrasive grain wears along the main axis and located in the tool body, the larger is its front angle. Besides that, the front angles of the abrasive grains reach the maximum positive values at orientation angles Θ=22.5°÷45°.Dependence of tension in grains during the work with parameters of their form, orientation and depth of embedment in the bundle is investigated. It was found that for all orientation angles of grains their tension significantly increases with an increase in their form coefficient. Besides that it is confirmed that the deeper the grain is in the bundle, the lower the tension is there. Also found that tension is minimal when the grains are tangential orientated. Further on increase the option of the grains in the direction of action of the cutting force follows. Such option of orientation is the most rational both from the point of view of minimization of tension, and for ensuring rational sizes of front angles of the abrasive grains. The rational angle of grain orientation for cutting disc are in range Θ=65°÷75°.

The joint analysis of dependences of front angles and tension in grains from factors of their form and orientation allows the prediction of operating characteristics of grinding tools at the design stage for specific tasks and processing conditions.

The article describes the solution to the problem of compensation of errors occurring during machining on CNC machines. We propose a method of mathematical modeling of processes diagnostics and control of technological equipment. The results of the diagnosis of the CNC machine, as well as the mathematical model describing the dependence of the positioning error of the executive bodies of operating component of cutting force PZ, in the range of movement OX.

The author suggests the method of reliability prediction in making new constructions of working members of agricultural implements by using the solid diagrams of their real load.

The results of the research process of producing metalized products by solid-phase reduction of iron using solid carbonaceous reducing agents. Thermodynamic modeling was carried out on the model of the unit the Fe-C-O and system with iron ore and coal. As a result of modeling the thermodynamic boundary reducing, oxidizing, and transition areas and the value of the ratio of carbon and oxygen in the system. Simulation of real systems carried out with the gas phase obtained in the pyrolys of coal. The simulation results allow to determine the optimal cost of coal required for complete reduction of iron ore from a given composition. The kinetics of the processes of solid-phase reduction of iron using coal of various technological brands.

The paper describes experiments on effects of metal deoxidizer composition, component proportion, pelletizing mixture, particle size distribution of basic materials and flux on manganese recovering from oxides under direct melting.

The results of the research process of producing metalized products by solid-phase reduction of iron using solid carbonaceous reducing agents. Thermodynamic modeling was carried out on the model of the unit the Fe-C-O and system with iron ore and coal. As a result of modeling the thermodynamic boundary reducing, oxidizing, and transition areas and the value of the ratio of carbon and oxygen in the system. Simulation of real systems carried out with the gas phase obtained in the pyrolys of coal. The simulation results allow to determine the optimal cost of coal required for complete reduction of iron ore from a given composition. The kinetics of the processes of solid-phase reduction of iron using coal of various technological brands.

This paper presents the research results of complex impact of mechanical stress and electromagnetic field on the defect structure of energy materials. As the object of research quite a typical energy material - silver azide was chosen, being a model in chemistry of solids. According to the experiments co-effect of magnetic field and mechanical stress in silver azide crystals furthers multiplication, stopper breakaway, shift of dislocations, and generation of superlattice dislocations - micro-cracks. A method of mechanical and electric strengthening has been developed and involves changing the density of dislocations in whiskers.

The results received at research of the cutting ability and durability of single grinding grains are presented in article. In particular influence of such parameters as a form and a corner of orientation of grinding grain was considered.

The article considers separation of wear resistant coatings of tool and engineering materials which arises both during coating fabrication and use of the product. The cause of this phenomenon is assumed to be related to thermal residual stresses generating on the coating- substrate border. These stresses have been analyzed and methods are provided to calculate it after produced composite material is cooled down from the temperature of coating synthesis to the ambient temperature. A no-fracture condition has been stated in relation to coating- substrate thicknesses, temperature differences and physical and mechanical properties of combined materials. The issue of intermediate layer incorporation with pre-set parameters has been discussed. A co-effect of thermal residual and functional stresses on the strength of the boundary layer has been considered when heating, tension and compression of a product with wear resistant coating. Conclusions have been made, as well as recommendations to improve fracture strength of products with thin wear resistant coatings.

The authors study the influence of boric anhydride upon the physical and chemical properties of slag in the manufacture of ferrosilicon. It is established that adding boric anhydride to the slag changes its refractory quality and its viscosity and eases pouring slag and metal. Slags with optimal composition and properties are described.

At the present time in conditions of high intensity use of the railways of great importance paid to longer service life the railroad tracks, elements turnout in particular crosspieces. The main element of the railway track turnouts are carrying out a change of direction of movement of trains. Many translations have exhausted their time and are obsolete. From is technical condition turnout's largely dependent reliability of rail transport.

Turnouts are the most complicated structure in the railway. Individual elements of the railway line - the spider who perceives high impact loads. Crossings should have sufficient strength and wear resistance because undergo complex dynamic loads. High dynamic impact and wear areas are also experiencing the antennae, which are located near the cores.

The basic technological aspects to improve the characteristics steel by modifying. The technology of producing high-manganese steel modified special modifier to improve the structural strength of receiving the item. As a result of a series of experimental heats received the samples that were subjected to mechanical testing. Structural studies have shown improvements steel microstructure as well as its mechanical properties.

Improvement of production engineering of finishing machining of the hard alloys providing set parameters of quality and exactitude of products is an actual problem in the conditions of the modern industry. To reach objectives it is possible only at the expense of the solution of a complex of questions of fundamental and applied nature. Basic researches are directed on identification of main factors and the reasons of inefficient use of diamond grinding wheel at finishing machining of products from high-strength hard alloys materials. The applied party of research consists in development of recommendations about implementation of offered solutions under production conditions. In paper the problems connected with effective machining of modern high-strength materials are observed. The reasons of limited application of diamond grinding wheels on a metallic binder are noted when machining hard alloys. The carried researches allowed to establish advantages of a method of the combined electro-diamond machining of hard alloys and to define the rational modes providing high quality of products.

The paper focuses on the stress and strain state of the underground main pipeline section using Autodesk Inventor software.

The study is focused on the analysis of the influence of short-term exposure to high temperature on tungstenless hard alloy metal plates while soldering iron-carbon. According to the results of the research with macrohardness tester the macrohardness deviation amounted to ±3%.

The paper presents methodology and results of experimental study by Sachs method the effect of length of mandrelled thick-walled cylinders made of steel grade 50 (0.5% C) with 5 mm diameter hole, outer diameter of 15 and 25 mm on residual stresses. Based on the review of studies, it was noted that this effect may be both due to uneven process of mandrelling along the cylinder length and due to zero axial residual stresses on its faces. It was found that the length of cylinders has the strongest influence on axial residual stresses. With allowances between 0.9 and 7.1% and length reduction from 40 to 10 mm, the largest absolute value of axial residual stresses decreases from 210 to 50 MPa. It was noted that when the outer diameter of cylinders is 15 mm their length significantly influence on both hoop and radial residual stresses. With the above-mentioned decrease in cylinders length, absolute values of hoop and radial residual stresses in the region adjacent to the hole, depending on the mandrelling allowance, increase (from -135 to -205 MPa and from -45 to 55 MPa respectively, when allowance is 7.1%), decrease (from -315 to -235 MPa and from -135 to -95 MPa respectively, when allowance is 0.9%) and remain almost unchanged (when allowance is 3.4%). Impact of length on these stresses is weak when the outer diameter of cylinders is 25 mm.

The paper presents computer simulation results of the pipeline having defects in a welded joint. Autodesk Inventor software is used for simulation of the stress and strain state of the pipeline. Places of the possible failure and stress concentrators are predicted on the defective portion of the pipeline.

In the work we demonstrate the possibility of forming thin surface and near-surface layers with submicrocrystalline structure under ultrasonic plastic deformation of machined steels. Formation of fine gradient textures up to nanocrystalline allows significant changing physical and mechanical properties of machined steels. Ensures improvement of microstructure, produces internal compressive strains which improves the cyclic strength of machine parts.

Estimation of influence of physical and thermal activating on adhesion between steel substrates and thermal coatings has been performed. The substrates with surfaces obtained by and ultrasonic surface plastic deformation were used. To evaluate physical activating, preheating of the substrates to 600°C was performed. To evaluate the effect of thermal activating, the substrate surfaces after interfacial detachment were examined. Bonded areas on the substrate surfaces were measured by means of optical profilometry. The experiments have shown that surface physical activating is the main factor in formation of the adhesive bond between the coating and the substrate processed with the proposed methods.

The author designs an up-to-date rock cutter for mining machines and presents a matrix to determine its service life depending on the strength of the rock being broken. The dependence of the cutter service life on the strength of the rock being broken is proved. Advanced designs of rock cutters by the leading companies are described. The author develops an original design of a rock cutter which provides greater cutting surface, increased strength and prolonged service life. Pilot samples of the cutters ready to the test run are presented.

The grinding wheel LKV50 B107 O V K27 100 KF40 is chosen as preferable according to the statistical interpretation of cases of surface microhardness of high-speed steel plates W6Mo5.

The paper considers the method of determining the components of the cutting force under cutting completed with a radius cutter. The authors provide the design of the experimental study. The authors provide the data on the cutting force change in the process of turning with a radius cutter according to the cutting edge inclination, cutting depth and supply obtained experimentally and calculated analytically. The paper also provides the results of experimental work approximation and theoretical error checking related to experimental data.

In the given work we present the results of experimental estimation of chip shrinkage under turning with straight and radius cutters for two schemes of cutting: "direct" and "reverse". Ratios of thickening, broadening and longitudinal shrinkage of the chip were established as shrinkage parameters. The given paper presents the graphic charts showing dependences of shrinkage upon cutting depth, supply and cutting edge inclination which indicate the deformations taking place in the cutting area when cutting with cup-tip cutters. The authors show the significant difference in the character and degree of chip shrinkage when working according to various schemes of cutting.

The article deals with the results of experimental research in the ultra-precision diamond machining of brittle materials - potassium dihydrogen phosphate, single-crystal quartz, quartz glass, crystalline glass, sapphire, and germanium. The processing modes at which the nanometer roughness of the processed surface was achieved are specified.

This article discusses the possibility of using biometric information technologies in management. Made a brief overview of access control and time attendance. Analyzed biometrics and identification system user. Recommendations on the use of various systems depending on the specific tasks.

The article deals with various aspects of using information technologies in dredging. The possibilities of modern information technology in the framework of improving the efficiency of dredging.

One of the conditions of normal performance of the Russian economy is the problem of high technology products competitiveness. Different tools of these products estimation are used nowadays, one of them is automated monitoring of the high technology products in mechanical engineering. This system is developed on the basis of "Innovator" software integrated in Microsoft Business Solutions-Axapta.

The paper presents an overview of well-known bankruptcy risk forecasting models, elaborated as by Russian so by foreign authors, on the basis of the data about financial and business activities of the biggest machine-building Russian plants. The authors substantiate and confirm appropriateness of a fuzzy set model to the problem of bankruptcy risk forecasting. This model is worked out on the basis of 10 most important factors, which have the greatest influence on sales proceeds as the main financial source for a production plant.

The research focuses on the problem of a "1C: Enterprise 8" platform inboard mechanisms for data analysis and forecasting. It is important to evaluate and select proper software to develop effective strategies for customer relationship management in terms of sales, as well as implementation and further maintenance of software. Research data allows creating new forecast models to schedule further software distribution.

A competitive labor market needs serious changing. Machinebuilding is one of the main problem domains. The current direction to promote human capital competition demands for modernization. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a strategy for social and economic promotion of competition in conditions of knowledge-based economy, in particularly, in machinebuilding. The necessity is demonstrated, as well as basic difficulties faced this strategy for machinebuilding.

The article discusses models, methods and algorithms of determining student's optimal individual educational trajectory. A new method of controlling the learning trajectory has been developed as a dynamic model of learning trajectory control, which uses score assessment to construct a sequence of studied subjects.

The authors set a timely problem that concerns development of decision making models, which allow formalizing expert subjective ideas about technical index level of engineering products. The authors proposed a formalization model of expert knowledge about technical index level of engineering products on the basis of fuzzy sets. The model has a method of membership-function construction for linguistic variable terms on the basis of exponential functions.

In article approaches to an assessment of stability of functioning of a production system of machine-building enterprise are considered, criteria of an assessment of stability of functioning of a production system are defined and mechanisms of ensuring its stability are given

According to the research the species of lichens such as Parmelia sulcata, Parmeliopsis ambigua, Phiscia stellaris, Xanthoria parietina are founded on example of small town. Values of clear air index correlated with the average content of sulphur dioxide in the air. These measurement points correspond to residential areas and regions of the objects of food industry. Two zones zero projective coverage are selected. These most polluted zones corresponded to the location of the metallurgical industry and heat electropower station. The roof production and abrasive industry do not show a significant increase in the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the contiguous territory. By method lichen indication on example of small city two zones lichen deserts (sulfur dioxide concentration greater than 0.3 mg/m³) and one area of critical pollution (sulfur dioxide concentration of 0.1 -0.3 mg/m³) were founded. The largest area of air pollution allegedly linked to the activities of plants. Thus metallurgical industry and heat electropower station can be called major air pollutants in small towns.

The article presents an approach to sustainable environmental development of the Murmansk region of the Russian Federation based on the complex regional indicators as a transformation of a balance scorecard method. The peculiarities of Murmansk region connected with sustainable environmental development are described. The complex regional indicators approach allows to elaborate the general concept of complex regional development taking into consideration economic and non-economic factors with the focus on environmental aspects, accumulated environmental damage in particular. General strategic chart of sustainable environmental development of the Murmansk region worked out on the basis of complex regional indicators concept is composed. The key target indicators of sustainable ecological development of the Murmansk region are presented for the following strategic chart components: regional finance; society and market; industry and entrepreneurship; training, development and innovations. These charts are to be integrated with international environmental monitoring systems.

Currently researchers are giving serious consideration to studying questions, related to issues of atmosphere protection, in particular, studying of new construction of gas-cleaning SPM cyclonic devices effectivity. Engineering new devices is impossible without applying mathematical model methods, computer modeling and making physical models of studying processes due nature tests.

The article offers research methodology for qualitative composition of municipal solid waste to select an optimal method of recycling. The resource potential of waste directly depends on its composition and determines effectiveness of using various techniques, including separation and separate collection of refuge. The decision on re-equipment of waste-separating enterprise, which decreases the supply of waste to the burial site and provides economy of nonrenewable energy sources, is well-grounded, because it allows to diminish an anthropogenic load on environment.

The article describes the stages of the methane fermentation process. The phases of methane formation are characterized. The results of the experimental data based on the study of various factors influencing the rate of biogas production and its yield are presented. Such factors as the size of the substrate particles and temperature conditions in the reactor are considered. It is revealed on the basis of experimental data which of the farm animals and poultry excrements are exposed to the most complete fermentation without special preparation. The relationship between fermentation regime, particle size of the feedstock and biogas yield is graphically presented.

The paper focuses on work of electroplating sewage-purification facilities of mechanical engineering production; drawbacks caused by specific features of physical and chemical processes of coagulation and technological malfunctions have been revealed. Additional equipment - ion-exchanging filters have been selected on the basis of designed methods, they make it possible for enterprises of mechanical engineering to implement conversion to water rotation systems.

The heavy metal content in the surface soils is characterized with their ingress for the given period of time. The sources of heavy metals in the soil are precipitation, seeds, dust, organic and mineral fertilizers, and others. The paper studies the heavy metal content in the soils of the waste dumps of the open-pit coal mines.

In this article the algorithm of statistical analysis was considered providing the representation of the results of the measurement figures on the acoustic noise in the industrial zones and adjacent living areas in the form of time in percentage for the course of which the sound level was exceeded at some frequency at different time moments. The explanation of the analysis principle was mentioned. On the basis of the experimental data on the character of the acoustic noise in the area of the city of Murom curves were obtained reflecting the distribution of the noise levels by the action time.

In this article there is an analysis of using noise-absorbing screens on the basis Helmholtz resonator to reduce the level of acoustic noise on open industrial sites of machinebuilding plants and adjacent living areas. A design realization of this screen was considered, the characteristic of which is a variable depth of the resonator chamber and the change of the clearance of the resonator throat. The evaluation of the efficiency of using the screen was performed using experimental modeling with an acoustic chamber and a screen model. It was shown that in the majority of the cases there is some attenuation of the acoustic signal in the zone in front of the screen. A conclusion was made about the possibility of reducing noise level in industrial and living zone

In this paper chemical content and particle size distribution of bottom-ash material are defined; results of differential thermal and X-ray analyzes are given; processes of phase transformations occurring during heating, are examined for possible use of the waste to produce ceramic products. Studies have shown that effective specific activity of radionuclides in the material under examination would have no effect on radiation safety of the finished product.

We conducted pre-sowing seed treatment of spring wheat carbon nanotubes modified with thionyl chloride, ethylene diamine, azobenzole, and dodecylamine. CNTs did not disrupt the structure of the crop, but the activity of extracellular enzymes in the rhizosphere of plants in the flowering stage changed: laccase works more poorly in the variant of the CNTs with the amino groups exochitinase and phosphatase activity increased in the case of chlorinated CNTs, OH and COOH groups on the surface of the nanotubes twice accelerate work β-glucosidase. The changes observed in the biogeochemical cycles in the rhizosphere are a possible cause of the effect of nanotubes on the development of epidemic diseases of wheat.

We have analyzed the data on concentration of geochemical elements within the 3- DV regional geochemical field. We have determined the fractal dimension index of spider diagrams and found the fractal nature of the distribution of chemical elements along the profile. We have compared these data with the results of the correlation analysis and hierarchical clustering methods. The agreement between the grouping of the elements according to the values of fractal dimension and the results of statistical analysis method was considered satisfactory.

Presents the results of modeling the stress-strain state in the mating structural elements of the attachment disk tools various design on triangular and tetrahedral prisms working bodies of roadheaders selective action in the destruction of coalface of heterogeneous structure.

The article describes basic mathematical dependencies for determining of power parameters of geokhods' bladed working bodies both conventional and toothed ones.

The article describes one possibility of choosing layout schemes for geokhod systems which is the analytic hierarchy process. There is the essence of the method summarized therein. The usage of the method is considered for the analysis and the choice of layout schemes for a geokhod pumping station. Keywords: geokhod, analytic hierarchy process, pumping station, layout scheme.

Current methods of calculation of parameters of hydraulic legs of powered supports are in most cases analytical and do not consider all complex of factors. Finite element model was developed to study this problem and used to analyze the influence of hydraulic legs extension on radial deformations of cylinder of different producers of powered supports at variation of hydraulic fluid pressure. It was revealed that radial deformations of cylinders along the axis of hydraulic legs increase in magnitude in direct proportion to the hydraulic fluid pressure and extension. Research results can be recommended to define optimal geometric parameters of hydraulic legs in respect to the minimal radial deformations of hydraulic cylinder increasing its impermeability and improving the work of cup seals. It is recommended to use the obtained results at power support designing.

The paper considers data systematization on a new shield-type heading machine - geokhod. The target of the paper is to classify geokhod components on the basis of their technical and economical production parameters. A prototype model reveals the structure of a geokhod as an assembly unit and identifies its basic characteristics. The paper overviews the methods of product cost estimations, justifies the application of an operation-based approach for a prototype model, provides the results containing product cost data for various geokhod components and technological processes, and gives the data for a material cost structure. Taking into consideration the product cost analysis, geokhod components are classified according to their technical and economical production parameters. Moreover the paper outlines the ways of a classification application for a geokhod manufacturing techniques improvement.

The paper demonstrates the similarity of alternating reaction of rocks to explosions to the response of a granular material to repetitive (up to 330 thousands) light shocks (3.85 -10 ³ J, frequency 1.33 Hz). The cause of both reactions is multiple forms of equilibrium of geomaterials. It has been stated that pressure of the sensor in a granular material subject to long-term weak effects doesn't relax to the hydrostatic one, but oscillates about it with the amplitude about its value. The spectral density of this process obeys the power dependence on the frequency; the exponent is typical for black noise.

A new invariant of stress tensor is introduced - the mean shearing stress, resulted from the integration with respect to Mohr's circle. The invariant is used to lay down the terms of plasticity. Determining equations are written on the basis of associated flow law. Rigid variants of the model and elastoplastic ones are obtained. Characteristic surfaces with normals, coinciding with main stresses direction are demonstrated for the rigid-plastic variant.

In this paper the isolation suspension with stiffness compensator based on neodymium magnets is suggested. It was found that the passive vibration isolators not completely sufficient of modern requirement of the vibration isolation. It was determined that the neodymium magnets with the same initial parameters are most effective in comparison with DC current electromagnets. The mathematical model of the vibration isolation suspension has been developed. In this research the traction characteristics for given magnets are presented. Also the design of the vibration isolation suspension with compensator of the stiffness based on neodymium magnets has been developed. This research has been performed under support of the President scholarship for young scientists under the order of Russian Federation Ministry of the education and science No 184 from 10^th of March 2015.

In the publication, the issues have been considered concerning combustion engine start wear of mobile machines in case of outside storage in the conditions of low environmental temperature. Based on the analysis of existing methods and constructions of powered lubrication devices for contact surfaces of engines, a design of a combined device has been suggested which unites the functions of hydraulic and heat accumulators. On the basis of the elaborated design, preparatory tests have been conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness of pre-start oil circulation in the engine D-240, as well as the effectiveness rate of thermoinsulation and the heating device of the hydraulic accumulator. The findings of the survey have shown that the pre-start powered lubrication device for major parts of the engine is effective.

In 2012 the total volume of coal mining in the Kuzbass was about 200 million tons, including 116 million tons (60.3%) produced open way, Figure 1. In 2014, it was produced more than 203 million tons of coal. In addition, there is no reason to believe that in the near future volume of coal will decline. Accordingly, the volume of wastewater discharged by enterprises will increase. So, from 2006 to 2009 there was an increase of polluted water discharge coal mines from 217 to 245 million m3. Therefore, the problem of water pollution mines governmental waters and career is very important.