Table of contents

Dear Readers,

The 5^th Colombian Conference of Engineering Physics (V CNIF) (www.ingenieriafisica.co) was hosted on 26–30 September 2016 at Medellin, Colombia organized by EAFIT University, National University of Colombia and Colombian Society of Engineering Physics.

This was the Fifth version of biennial meetings that began in 2010. The five-day scientific program of the V CNIF consisted of 14 Magisterial Conferences, and 8 Courses with the participation of undergraduate and graduate students, professors, researchers and entrepreneurs from Colombia, Canada, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, among others. The aim of the organizing committee is that the V CNIF would provide enough opportunities for direct scientific contacts, interesting discussions and interactive exchange of ideas between the participants for future networks.

We have had 350 participants with more than 300 oral and poster presentations in Breaking Research of Advanced Materials Science and Technologies, Nanomaterials, Optical, Electronic and Magnetic Materials, Multifunctional Composites and Other Advanced Materials, Graphite and Graphene, Automation and Equipment Manufacturing Technologies, Advanced Materials for Engineering Applications, Energy, Biomaterials and Healthcare from experts, academicians, senior scientists, industry executives and project leaders from 10+ countries. It is intended to provide a platform for professionals around the world to exchange state-of-the-art research and development and identify research needs and opportunities in this emerging field. As in previous versions of this event, the participants were involved in the competition for the best poster.

Certificates and cash prizes were awarded to a number of participants for the best posters selected by the Program Committee.

On behalf of the organizing and scientific committees, we are glad to thank again all the people involved in this event, who made VCNIF a great success.

Please make a note that the 6^th International Conference of Engineering Physics (VI CNIF) 2018 will take place from 24th to 28th September in the Caribbean region coast of Colombia, hosted by University of Atlántico and North University in the city of Barranquilla, Colombia.

With kind regards

The Editor

Jaime Andrés Pérez-Taborda

President of Colombian Society of Engineering Physics

sociedadcolombianaingenieriafisica@utp.edu.co

5^th Colombian Conference on Engineering Physics - VCNIF

Colombian Society of Engineering Physics

EAFIT University

National University of Colombia

September 26^th to 30^th, 2016 Medellín – Colombia

List of figures, Organizing Institutions, Organizing Committee, Committee Scientific, The Plenary Speakers can be found in this pdf

List of Figures, Activities can be found in this pdf

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Temperature is a physical magnitude that if is higher, the refractive index presents more important random fluctuations, which produce a greater distortion in the wavefront and thus a displacement in its centroid. To observe the effect produced by the turbulent medium strongly influenced by temperature on propagation laser beam, we experimented with two variable and controllable temperature systems designed as optical turbulence generators (OTG): a Turbulator and a Parallelepiped glass container. The experimental setup use three CMOS cameras and four temperature sensors spatially distributed to acquire synchronously information of the laser beam wavefront and turbulence temperature, respectively. The acquired information was analyzed with MATLAB® software tool, that it allows to compute the position, in terms of the evolution time, of the laser beam center of mass and their deviations produced by different turbulent conditions generated inside the two manufactured systems. The results were reflected in the statistical analysis of the centroid shifting.

Researchers have been studying 4d and 5d Series Transition Metal Nitrides lately as a result of the experimental production of AuN, PtN, CuN. In this paper, we used the Density Functional Theory (DFT) implementing a pseudopotential plane-wave method to study the incorporation of nitrogen atoms in the face-centered cube (fcc) lattice of gold (Au). First, we took the fcc structure of gold, and gradually located the nitrogen atoms in tetrahedral (TH) and octahedral (OH) interstitial sites. AuN stabilized in: 2OH (30%), 4OH and 4TH (50%), 4OH – 2TH (close to the wurtzite structure) and 6TH (60%). This leads us to think that AuN behaves like a Transition Metal Nitride since the nitrogen atoms look for tetrahedral sites.

The recirculating hydroponic culture techniques, as aeroponics, has several advantages over traditional agriculture, aimed to improve the efficiently and environmental impact of agriculture. These techniques require continuous monitoring and automation for proper operation. In this work was developed an automatic monitored aeroponic-irrigation system based on the Arduino's free software platform. Analog and digital sensors for measuring the temperature, flow and level of a nutrient solution in a real greenhouse were implemented. In addition, the pH and electric conductivity of nutritive solutions are monitored using the Arduino's differential configuration. The sensor network, the acquisition and automation system are managed by two Arduinos modules in master-slave configuration, which communicate one each other wireless by Wi-Fi. Further, data are stored in micro SD memories and the information is loaded on a web page in real time. The developed device brings important agronomic information when is tested with an arugula culture (Eruca sativa Mill). The system also could be employ as an early warning system to prevent irrigation malfunctions.

This paper presents an alternate form for the dynamic modelling of a mechanical system that simulates in real life a gantry crane type, using Euler's classical mechanics and Lagrange formalism, which allows find the equations of motion that our model describe. Moreover, it has a basic model design system using the SolidWorks software, based on the material and dimensions of the model provides some physical variables necessary for modelling. In order to verify the theoretical results obtained, a contrast was made between solutions obtained by simulation in SimMechanics-Matlab and Euler-Lagrange equations system, has been solved through Matlab libraries for solving equation's systems of the type and order obtained. The force is determined, but not as exerted by the spring, as this will be the control variable. The objective is to bring the mass of the pendulum from one point to another with a specified distance without the oscillation from it, so that, the answer is overdamped. This article includes an analysis of PID control in which the equations of motion of Euler-Lagrange are rewritten in the state space, once there, they were implemented in Simulink to get the natural response of the system to a step input in F and then draw the desired trajectories.

In this paper, is used the Lagrangian classical mechanics for modeling the dynamics of an underactuated system, specifically a rotary inverted pendulum that will have two equations of motion. A basic design of the system is proposed in SOLIDWORKS 3D CAD software, which based on the material and dimensions of the model provides some physical variables necessary for modeling. In order to verify the results obtained, a comparison the CAD model simulated in the environment SimMechanics of MATLAB software with the mathematical model who was consisting of Euler-Lagrange's equations implemented in Simulink MATLAB, solved with the ODE23tb method, included in the MATLAB libraries for the solution of systems of equations of the type and order obtained. This article also has a topological analysis of pendulum trajectories through a phase space diagram, which allows the identification of stable and unstable regions of the system.

In this work the effect of doping with aluminum (Al) and boron (B) an armchair (6,6) carbon nanotube on its sensibility to carbon dioxide (CO₂) for possible application in sensors of this gas was studied. Using first-principles calculations within the framework of the density functional theory (DFT), adsorption energies were obtained in the cases when the molecule is initially perpendicular to the surface of the nanotube, near the dopant atom, and located above a carbon atom of the nanotube, above a C-C bond, or directly above the center of a hexagon. It was found that doping with Al does not improve the adsorption of the molecule compared to the pristine nanotube. However, doping with B slightly favors the adsorption for some of the considered positions. The results suggest that B doping might be an acceptable option in the design and construction of nano devices for CO₂ detection.

Electrostatic plasma is the most representative and basic case in plasma physics field. One of its main characteristics is its ideal behavior, since it is assumed be in thermal equilibrium state. Through this assumption, it is possible to study various complex phenomena such as plasma oscillations, waves, instabilities or damping. Likewise, computational simulation of this specific plasma is the first step to analyze physics mechanisms on plasmas, which are not at equilibrium state, and hence plasma is not ideal. Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method is widely used because of its precision for this kind of cases. This work, presents PIC method implementation to simulate electrostatic plasma by Python, using ANACONDA packages. The code has been corroborated comparing previous theoretical results for three specific phenomena in cold plasmas: oscillations, Two-Stream instability (TSI) and Landau Damping(LD). Finally, parameters and results are discussed.

The activity and selectivity of a catalyst (Au/γ–Al₂O₃) and the support (γ–Al₂O₃ cubic) in the oxidation reaction of cyclohexene in the liquid phase to obtain (epoxycyclohexane, 2-cyclohexen-1-ona, 2-cyclohexen-1-ol) were evaluated. The catalyst was prepared by the precipitation-deposition method from aqueous solutions of HAuCl₄, citric acid (2% m/v) and polyvinyl alcohol. For the adequacy of the support, starting from boehmite calcined at 773 K, γ–Al₂O₃ phase was obtained. The reaction products and the evaluation of the same were analyzed by gas chromatograph (GC), showing relevant results of the Au/γ–Al₂O₃ system with high conversion levels, mostly to products of 2-cyclohexen-1-one, 2-cyclohexen-1-ol with 31.17% and 25.89% selectivity respectively, and to a lesser proportion to epoxycyclohexane with 13.33% selectivity. Regarding to the system formed by the support, the results reported were 13.31% for 2-cyclohexen-1-ona, 4.28% for 2-cyclohexen-1-ol and 3-23% epoxycyclohexane.

Polycrystalline samples of the dielectric, ferroelectric Na_0.9Li_0.1NbO₃ were synthesized by means of solid-state reaction using different ramps of temperature. High purity precursors Nb₂O₅, Na₂CO₃ and Li₂CO₃ were stoichiometricaly mixed and heated at 1373 K for 6 hours in air atmosphere. The Na_0.9Li_0.1NbO₃ samples were characterized by means of diffraction of X-rays using a Panalytical X'Pert Pro diffractometer. The obtained diffractograms were refined by Rietveld procedure using the software Maud. The results show that Na_0.9Li_0.1NbO₃ crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure (space group Pbma). The refined diffraction patterns also suggest a possible replacement of the Na ions by Li ions in the parent, ferroelectric NaNbO₃ compound. For electrical characterization of the samples, electrical polarization curves were measured using a Radiant Technologies RT66A test system for ferroelectric materials. The polarization versus applied electrical dependence shows a hysteretic behavior verifying the ferroelectric character of the material. A maxima polarization of 130 µC/m² is obtained at room temperature.

In volcanic surveillance, cameras are largely used allowing amazing images of volcanic eruptions as well as beautiful views of these grand Earth constructions. The Colombian Geological Service through the Volcanological and Seismological Observatory of Popayán (OVSPo) have 10 surveillance cameras looking at three volcanoes present in Provinces of Cauca, Huila and Tolima. However, these cameras were not calibrated previously, which has limited the analysis and exploitation of the information up to now. The development of this work take into account that the calibration process should not change camera parameters like orientation and position and what's more, we consider the access difficulties to reach and stay at the camera stations (volcanic environment). A calibration methodology was developed and applied on three (3) cameras on field, achieving to improve the analysis and exploitation of information within images of volcanic surveillance cameras.

In this work, we showed experimental and theoretical results of the characterization of a spatial light modulator based in a nematic liquid crystal display Sony model LCX038ARA with electric field excitation. The parameters: effective molecular twist and equivalent retardation are determinated using the retarder-rotor technique in the amplitude-coupled regime.

The Gyrator transform (GT), chaotic random phase masks (CRPMs) and a random permutation of the Jigsaw transform (JT) are utilized to design an images encryption-decryption system. The encryption-decryption system is based on the double random phase encoding (DRPE) in the Gyrator domain (GD), this technique uses two random phase masks (RPMs) to encode the image to encrypt (original image) into a random noise. The RPMs are generated by using chaos, these masks are CRPMs. The parameters of the chaotic function have the control of the generation of the CRPMs. We apply a random permutation to the resulting image of the DRPE technique, with the purpose of obtaining an encrypted image with a higher randomness. In order to successfully retrieve the original image (without errors or noise-free) at the output of the decryption system is necessary to have all the proper keys, which are: the rotation angles of the GTs, the parameters of the chaotic function utilized to generate the two CRPMs and the random permutation of the JT. We check and analyze the validity of the image encryption and decryption systems by means of computing simulations.

This paper is focused on the preparation of InGaAs thin films on GaAs substrates by r.f. magnetron sputtering technique, using the sputtering power as control means for the formation of different stoichiometries. Results of X-ray and Raman spectroscopy allowed corroborating the formation of In_xGa_1-xAs in different concentrations, identifying peaks associated with crystallographic planes (X-rays) and characteristic vibrational phonon modes (Raman). An analysis performed with the Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) techniques, allowed discussing on the composition in each of the layers. Finally, an alternative in obtaining the ternary semiconductor with polycrystalline structure and preferential growth along the direction (111) was demonstrated and generated by a technique different from the epitaxial techniques, which are commonly used for the growth of III-V semiconductors.

Hydration occurs when some ionic species are in pure water. In this research study, optical properties of an electrolytic solution with ionic species that emulated the extracellular environment were analyzed. The attenuated total reflection ATR-FTIR spectra and Raman spectra of electrolyte solutions were measured and the vibrational spectra of pure water (type A) with electrolyte solutions in the spectral region between 2700-4000 cm⁻¹ was compared. At low ionic concentrations of chloride, sodium, potassium and calcium, a weak effect on the spectrum of water was observed. We found a shifts in the absorption bands of water in IR (3286 cm⁻¹ and 3492 cm⁻¹ ) and Raman spectra (3207 cm⁻¹ and 3432 cm⁻¹), which increase with ionic concentration. This effect can be interpreted as a result of interactions between water molecules and solvated ions. This result suggests that the presence of ions in pure water modifies the optical properties of water.

The implementation of the JiTT (Just in Time Teaching) strategy is presented to increase the previous preparation of students enrolled in the subject Physics Laboratory I offered at the Industrial University of Santander (UIS), Colombia. In this study, a laboratory preparation questionnaire (CPL) was applied as a tool for the implementation of JiTT combined with elements of mediated learning. It was found that the CPL allows to improve the students' experience regarding the preparation of the laboratory and the development of the experimental session. These questionnaires were implemented in an academic manager (Moodle) and a web application (lab.ciencias.uis.edu.co) was used to publish the contents essential for the preparation of the student before each practical session. The most significant result was that the students performed the experimental session with the basic knowledge to improve their learning experience.

Around the world, there are different providers of timestamp (mobile, radio or television operators, satellites of the GPS network, astronomical measurements, etc.), however, the source of the legal time for a country is either the national metrology institute or another designated laboratory. This activity requires a time standard based on an atomic time scale. The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) calculates a weighted average of the time kept in more than 60 nations and produces a single international time scale, called Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). This article presents the current time scale that generates Legal Time for the Republic of Colombia produced by the Instituto Nacional de Metrología (INM) using the time and frequency national standard, a cesium atomic oscillator. It also illustrates how important it is for the academic, scientific and industrial communities, as well as the general public, to be synchronized with this time scale, which is traceable to the International System (SI) of units, through international comparisons that are made in real time.

In this work, scattering light by colloidal metal nanoparticles with spherical shape was studied. Optical properties such as diffusion efficiencies of extinction and absorption Q_ext and Q_abs were calculated using Mie theory. We employed a MATLAB program to calculate the Mie efficiencies and the radial dependence of electric field intensities emitted for colloidal metal nanoparticles (MNPs). By UV-Vis spectroscopy we have determined the LSPR for Cu nanoparticles (CuNPs), Ni nanoparticles (NiNPs) and Co nanoparticles (CoNPs) grown by laser ablation technique. The peaks of resonances appear in 590nm, 384nm and 350nm for CuNPs, NiNPs and CoNPs respectively suspended in water. Changing the medium to acetone and ethanol we observed a shift of the resonance peaks, these values agreed with our simulations results.

Reverse time migration (RTM) is a technique widely used nowadays to obtain images of the earth's sub-surface, using artificially produced seismic waves. This technique has been developed for zones with flat surface and when applied to zones with rugged topography some corrections must be introduced in order to adapt it. This can produce defects in the final image called artifacts. We introduce a simple mathematical map that transforms a scenario with rugged topography into a flat one. The three steps of the RTM can be applied in a way similar to the conventional ones just by changing the Laplacian in the acoustic wave equation for a generalized one. We present a test of this technique using the Canadian foothills SEG velocity model.

This paper presents the development stage of a communication module for a solid propellant mid-power rocket model. The communication module was named. Simple-1 and this work considers its design, construction and testing. A rocket model Estes Ventris Series Pro II^® was modified to introduce, on the top of the payload, several sensors in a CanSat form factor. The Printed Circuit Board (PCB) was designed and fabricated from Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) components and assembled in a cylindrical rack structure similar to this small format satellite concept. The sensors data was processed using one Arduino Mini and transmitted using a radio module to a Software Defined Radio (SDR) HackRF based platform on the ground station. The Simple-1 was tested using a drone in successive releases, reaching altitudes from 200 to 300 meters. Different kind of data, in terms of altitude, position, atmospheric pressure and vehicle temperature were successfully measured, making possible the progress to a next stage of launching and analysis.

Cerium doped (5%) lanthanum cobaltites were synthesized in acid medium by using the sol-gel method. The obtained compounds were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After the synthesis process, the samples were calcined at temperatures of 800 and 900 °C, observing changes in structural and morphological properties of annealed samples. Additionally, tests of catalytic activity were performed in the degradation reaction of methyl-thionine chloride, wherein the synthesized material was used as catalyst.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a material widely used by the medical community due to its Ca/P ratio is comparable to the Ca/P ratio of bones and teeth, which promotes osteoinduction and osteoconduction processes when in contact with bone tissue, either as volume piece or coating. This work focuses on studying the quality of the commercial HA powder MKnano-#MKN-HXAP-S12 µm, after processing, to obtain sintered compact discs with suitable physical and chemical characteristics for implants applications. The HA powder was processed through calcination, grinding, pressing and sintering to evaluate the effect of such as procedures in the compacts dics quality. The raw powder was characterized by laser diffraction, SEM, XRF, XRD, TGA and DSC while the characteristics of the obtained compact discs were determined by dilatometry and XRD to identify the sintering temperature range, constituent phases, the amorphous content and the crystallinity degree, parameters that allow determining their suitability for implants applications. Although, it was not possible to obtain sintered compacts with the suitable chemical composition and without fractures, this work allowed to identify the parameters that determine the suitability of a HA powder to obtain sintered compacts for medical applications, as well as the characterization protocol that allows the evaluation of such parameters.

Alumina (Al₂O₃) thin films were deposited on Si (100) by Magnetron Sputtering in reactive conditions between an aluminium target and oxygen 99.99% pure. The plasma was formed employing Argon with an R.F power of 100 W, the dwelling time was 3 hours. 4 samples were produced with temperatures between 350 and 400 ºC in the substrate by using an oxygen flow of 2 and 8 sccm, the remaining parameters of the process were fixed. The coatings and substrates were characterized using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) in order to compare their properties before and after deposition. The films thicknesses were between 47 and 70 nm. The results show that at high oxygen flow the alumina structure prevails in the coatings while at lower oxygen flow only aluminum is deposited in the coatings. It was shown that the temperature increases grain size and roughness while decreasing the thicknesses of the coatings.

The synthesis of nanomaterials is currently one of the most active in nanoscience branches; especially those help improve the human quality life. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an example of this as it is known to have inhibitory and bactericidal effects. In this work, we report the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction method of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) from aqueous solution, using a mix of polivinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) – Aloe Vera as reducing agent and for stabilization and control of particle size. Silver nanoparticles obtained were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV–visible spectroscopy and measurements using Zetasizer Nano ZS were applied to size estimation. The existence of surface plasmon resonance peak at λ_max ~ 420 nm is evidence of silver nanoparticles formation. It was possible to standardize an appropriate protocol for the evaluation of bactericidal activity of the nanoparticles, for mesophilic microorganisms. Bactericidal activity above 90% against these kinds of bacteria was demonstrated.

In the frame of axion electrodynamics a 4×4 transfer matrix method was developed in order to describe the electrodynamic properties of systems containing topological insulators, which are characterized by non trivial topological properties related to time reversal symmetry. Analytical expressions were obtained for the components of the transfer matrix for the interface between a conventional dielectric and a topological insulator, which generalize the relations obtained in conventional electrodynamics for the description of the transmission of TE and TM polarized modes. It was shown that such matrix couples the TE and TM modes, where the terms which are related to such coupling are linear with respect to the fine structure constant. Analytical expressions were obtained for the changes induced by the non trivial topology in the reflection coefficients from TM and TE incident waves and for the rotation of the polarization planes of reflected and transmitted waves.

In this article, an algorithm is presented for the processing and verification of fingerprints by analyzing optical vortices present in the orientation of the fringes of the fingerprint. The algorithm presents a compression factor of 1200, but is highly susceptible to the presence of noise.