Table of contents

Preface

This proceeding includes original and peer-reviewed research papers from 2018 International Conference on Air Pollution and Environmental Engineering (APEE 2018). APEE 2018 was held in Hong Kong, China during October 26-28, 2018.

Air pollution has become a major issue in China and other developing countries, it could become the biggest health threat. APEE 2018 is a platform for presenting excellent results and new challenges facing the field of the air pollution and environmental engineering. It brings together experts from industry, governments and academia, experienced in engineering, technology and research. To promote environmental protection and green sustainable development all over the world.

APEE 2018 received 457 manuscripts, and 122 submissions had been accepted by our reviewers. By submitting a paper to APEE 2018, the authors agreed to the review process and understood that papers undergo a peer-review process. Manuscripts were reviewed by appropriately qualified experts in the field selected by the conference committees, who gave detailed comments and-if the submission was accepted the authors would submit a revised version that took into account this feedback. All papers were reviewed using a double-blind review process: authors declared their names and affiliations in the manuscript for the reviewers to see, but reviewers did not know each other's identities, nor did the authors receive information about who had reviewed their manuscript. The Committees of APEE 2018 invested great efforts in reviewing the papers submitted to the conference and organizing the sessions to enable the participants to gain maximum benefit.

Hopefully, all participants and other interested readers will benefit scientifically from the proceedings and also find it stimulating in the process.

With our warmest regards

Zhibin You

Conference Organizing Chair

Wuhan, China

List of Conference Chairs, Technical Committees and Organizing Committees are available in this PDF.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

This paper presents a method to estimate the state-of-charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries based on long-short term memory network (LSTM). The method is mainly composed of two parts: (1) A linear neural network is used to identify the parameters of second-order equivalent circuit model. (2) A LSTM network is built to estimate the SOC of lithium-ion battery. The linear neural network is trained using the American Dynamic Stress Test Condition (DST) dataset of battery (1st cycle), while the LSTM network is trained using the Chinese Standard Operating Condition (QCT) datasets of battery (1st, 10th and 20th cycle). After that, the trained LSTM network is tested using DST datasets of the batteries and QCT datasets under different temperatures. The results show that the LSTM network can accurately estimate the SOC of lithium battery under different temperatures, different working conditions and lifespan.

Water pollution is a serious problem in the development of society of China. The plasma technology is one of the advanced oxidation technologies which is an efficient method in wastewater treatment. In this paper the degradation mechanism of organic pollutants in water by plasma is suggested, which is the main chemical reactions and physical effects, the different types of discharge and the corresponding reactors have been mentioned, including pulsed discharge plasma reactor, gliding arc discharge reactor and contact glow discharge electrolysis plasma reactor, especially the reactions in dielectric barrier discharge plasma. The plasma combined with another oxidation reaction processes also are reviewed, including catalyst, Ultraviolet radiation and Fenton reaction combined with plasma reactor.

Oily sludge has received increasing attention for its hazardousness as well as its high potential as an energy resource. In this paper, a study, in order to obtain the essential parameters in the relevant engineering design or practices, the two-step process of thermochemical demulsification separation and air floatation separation was used for oil material recovery from oily sludge (light oily sludge and heavy oily sludge) that was obtained from an oilfield. The light oil sludge and heavy oily sludge were diluted with of 3 times and 4 times mass water respectively and heated to 75 °C and 80°C, respectively, and both adjusted pH to 6. The self-made emulsion breaking agent with the mixture mass fraction of 0.3% and 0.4% were added separately, and the thermochemical demulsification separation was carried out for 20 min and 25 min respectively under stirring. The mixture of mud and water after the thermochemical demulsification separation was further air floatation at normal temperature. The oil content of the mud cake formed by the centrifugal separation of the mixture after air floatation separation was under 2%. And the result that centrifugal separation mixture liquid for the next oily sludge treatment was great. Furthermore, the test result of planting clover on the soil sample composed of the dry mud cake and some seedbed soil showed that the seed germination and growth were normal.

The Bayan Obo Mine in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, is the largest rare earth ore deposit in the world. The Baotou Iron and Steel Group (Baotou Steel) is in charge of the exploitation. Every year, approximately 12 million tons of ore are transported from the mine to the Baotou Steel factory by rail for dressing and smelting. The transportation of these massive quantities of ore has a large environmental impact. Based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, this study explores the environmental impact of the railway transportation of ore from the Bayan Obo Mine. Our results indicate that the environmental impact is primarily due to the marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential (MAETP), the abiotic depletion potential of fossil fuels (ADP fossil), and the acidification potential (AP). The environmental impact of the production of raw materials is much greater than that of the railway transportation. Our sensitivity analysis indicates that environmental impact is most sensitive to changes in the amount of diesel fuel used. The annual greenhouse gas emissions is 52.22 million tons, which is approximately 0.45% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in China in 2017. In particular, the direct emission from this transportation is 1.7 million tons, which is approximately 0.007% of the country's total emissions and 0.3% of Inner Mongolia's total emissions. A comparison of our study and the European Union railway demonstrates that in both cases, the environmental impacts are primarily due to MAETP, ADP fossil, and global warming potential (GWP).

A commercial activated carbon fiber (ACF) was applied as efficient adsorbents for adsorption of methyl orange (MO) dye in aqueous solution. The surface morphology and surface area were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N₂ adsorption, respectively. The results showed that ACF had good adsorption capacity on MO dye due to the large surface area and excellent pore size structure. In addition, the adsorption property of MO dye in aqueous solution onto ACF was investigated as a function of the initial dye concentration, pH value and temperature of solution. It's observed that the adsorption capacity of ACF for MO dye increased with the increases in the initial dye concentration and the temperature of solution, but the pH value had no significant effect on ACF adsorption performance. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were employed to fit the equilibrium isotherm data, and the Langmuir model fitted the experimental data best implying the homogeneity of the adsorbent surface sites. Besides, thermodynamics parameters, Gibbs free energy ΔG⁰, entropy ΔS⁰ and enthalpy ΔH⁰, were calculated, and the values indicated that the phisisorption process of MO dye onto ACF was spontaneous, endothermic and attractive.

Based on the hourly monitoring data of O₃ concentration, and its closely related NO₂ and CO concentration in four coastal cities (Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai, Rizhao) and four inland cities (Dezhou, Liaocheng, Heze and Jining) in Shandong Province from 2009 to 2017, we compared and analyzed variations of O₃, NO₂ and CO pollutants in the boundary layer in both coastal and inland cities in mid-latitude regions, and explored their causes. It is found that O₃ pollution showed an aggravating tendency in coastal and inland cities from 2012 to 2017, especially remarkably in inland cities. However, NO₂ and CO pollution showed an opposite tendency. Seasonal variation of O₃ pollution in the boundary layer of coastal cities in the mid-latitude showed an M-shaped bimodal structure, similar to that in low latitude cities, while NO₂ and CO show a V-shaped structure with a maximum in winter and a minimum in summer. The diurnal variation of O₃ concentration is featured with a high concentration in the daytime and a low one in the night, while NO₂ and CO concentration show a bimodal curve with a high concentration both in the morning and evening.

To study the effect of 8₂ coal seam unloading and outburst prevention with 7₁ coal seam mining,as well as the influence of the integrated application of research methods of theoretical analysis and field practice, the feasibility of the protective layer under the condition of mining research, and in the process of 7₁ coal seam mining, below 8₂ coal seam gas content, gas pressure and the effect of the deformation of coal unloading field measurement and comprehensive theoretical analysis. The research results show that the protective layer of 7₁ coal seam as the lower 8₂ coal mining is feasible in theory, in 7₁37 working face of the actual mining process, the lower 8₂ significant increase in the permeability of coal seam, the gas content is greatly reduced, unloading deformation effect is obvious, further verify the three 7₁ coal seam as the lower protective layer of 8₂ coal mining, the discharge pressure and outburst prevention with dual effectiveness, to ensure safe and efficient mining of coal seam 8₂.

By using the atmosphere automatic monitoring data and meteorological data of January and February 2017 in city A, 19 forecasting factors are selected and the statistical prediction model of winter air quality in city A is established by using the stepwise regression method. Forecast items include fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), inhalable particle (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO) average daily concentration and ozone (O₃) maximum 8h average concentration daily. From November 2017 to January 2018, the model was applied and revised in combination with human experience to carry out the environmental air quality forecast in city A. The comparison between the forecast results and the measured results showed that the level accuracy rate of the environmental air forecast results was 79.1%, and the accuracy rate of the primary pollutant was 73.6%.

One-dimensional machine modeling of German TCD2015V08 diesel engine is carried out, and the diesel engine is subjected to parameter calculation and one-dimensional simulation analysis. The supercharged air parameters, fuel supply advance angle and compression ratio are analysed in detail under the diesel combustion mode. The impact on performance, combined with the analysis conclusions, proposes a power-enhanced design.

The methods of damage identification of bridge structures are developing rapidly and various. With the development of science and technology, especially the development of cloud computing technology in recent years, which has brought great convenience to human life, at the same time, it may also provide a new technical way to solve the problem of bridge damage identification. As an open source and distributed system architecture, the Hadoop is the most extensive research and applied data processing platform at home and abroad. Hadoop platform processes the data collected by tests aisles objectively and properly, makes the bridge damage identification more accurate and credible.

The titanium dioxide nanoparticles with high purity and specific surface area were synthesized through an alkali-solution and acid-isolation method with titanium slag as raw material. As a catalyst support of V₂O₅-WO₃-MoO₃/TiO₂ selective catalytic reduction catalyst, the high specific surface area TiO₂ nanoparticles can improve the low temperature activity of the catalyst and enhance its resistance to sulfur poisoning.

In this study, seismic response of a tailings dam is investigated by finite element method. The Heitiejiao dam constructed in She county, China is chosen as a numerical example. The interaction of the tailings dam with the reservoir is neglected, but not the foundation rock. The properties of the dam materials were taken from the dam project and assumed to be linearly elastic, homogenous and isotropic in the analysis. A stationary and ergodicity assumption is made for seismic analysis. The E–W component of the Tianjin Earthquake is chosen as a ground motion since it occurred nearby the dam site. The component considered is applied to the dam in the horizontal direction. The seismic response of the Heitiejiao dam subjected to the Tianjin Earthquake is also obtained by the deterministic method. The results obtained from stochastic and deterministic analysis are compared to each other. It is seen that the results obtained from the time-history analysis are smaller than those from the deterministic analysis.

The WRF/SMOKE/CMAQ model is used to simulate a heavy pollution process in the winter of 2016 in Tianjin. Three types of simulation scenarios are set up for the activation of red alert due to the "Tianjin Heavy Pollution Weather Emergency Plan". The extinction effect of emergency measures on PM2.5 concentration is assessed quantitatively. Simulation results show that during this red alert period, a 30% reduction of industrial production can be implemented to reduce the average PM2.5 concentration by 3% to 10%, while odd-and-even license plate rule of motor vehicle can be implemented to reduce the average PM2.5 concentration in the city by 3% to 5.5%.The simultaneous implementation of two measures can reduce the average PM2.5 concentration by 5% to 12%.From the perspective of PM2.5 peak and mean drop under the three control scenarios, the control effect of industrial limited production measures on the peak value is more obvious than the mean value. The control effect of the vehicle's line-limit measures on the mean is more obvious than the peak value. The control effect of the peak value and mean value control of PM2.5 under industrial and motor vehicle simultaneous measure scenarios is similar to that of industrial limited production measures. It shows that industrial emissions are still the main source of contribution during heavy pollution, and that vehicle control has played a certain role.

In order to examine the fertilizer effect of slow-release Nano-fertilizer and its impact on the ecological environment, a cultivation pot experiment was arranged to study the influences of application of slow-release Nano-fertilizer on green pepper growth, soil Nutrients, enzyme activity and microorganisms. The experiment was designed to have four treatments: treatment 1 (blank treatment), treatment 2 (slow-release Nano-fertilizer), treatment 3 (composite chemical fertilizer), treatment 4 (slow-release Nano-fertilizer + compound fertilizer), and each treatment was five parallels. The results were as follows: (1) The application of slow-release Nano-fertilizer can promote the growth of green pepper, but due to the slow effect of fertilizer, the growth of green pepper was not as good as that of chemical fertilizer. (2) Application of slow-release Nano-fertilizer significantly increased soil nutrients, especially alkaline nitrogen, with an increase of 100.0%. (3) Application of slow-release Nano-fertilizer significantly increased soil enzyme activity and soil microbial population. Compared with blank, soil dehydrogenase and catalase activities of treatment 2 increased by 37.4% and 21.3%, respectively, and soil bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi increased by 50%, 72% and 208%, respectively. Application of slow-release Nano-fertilizer can improved soil nutrient, soil enzyme activity and soil microorganism, reduce nutrient loss and improve soil ecological environment, with a good application value.

The Kexia Formation reservoir in WEH oilfield is located at the bottom of the Triassic, which is mainly characterized as delta plain and front margin deposits. Through a comprehensive analysis of rock flake identification, scanning electron microscopy and physical properties, the petrological characteristics and the physical properties and physical property control factors of the reservoir were studied in detail. The results showed that the reservoir rock of Kexia Formation is consisted of medium-fine-grained lithic sandstone, glutenite and conglomerate, and the reservoir pore types of the reservoir space are mainly divided into intergranular pores, intergranular dissolved pores and intra-granular dissolved pores. The mercury intrusion data indicated that the reservoir throat of the Kexia Formation is featured as a medium-small pore thin throat, and the average porosity of the reservoir physical property is 17.78%, and the average permeability is 5.2mD, which suggested that it is a medium deviation reservoir with medium-low porosity and low permeability. The physical properties of the reservoir are essentially subject to the actions of sedimentation and diagenesis. The reservoir development is benefited by the distributary channel, river mouth bar and subaquatic distributary channel sedimentary environment in the delta plain and front. And the actions of compaction and cementation works as the major causes for the low permeability of reservoir, while the action of alteration serves as the basic sources of clay minerals.

The rain warning indicator is an important basis for early warning of Flash Flood. In this study, a semi-distributed hydrological model for small watershed was established based on NAM. Combined with 19990811, 20080817 and 20150805, three floods and floods are used to determine the watershed. - The elevation judgment model of the residents along the line, combined with the results of the on-site investigation to locate the households with the weakest flood control capacity in the village, establishment of flood water level and height determination model for residents along the line, using the method of water level and flow back to deduce the disaster volume of disaster prevention targets; Prediction of rainfall early warning indicators based on model trial method to reach disaster level. The results show that the NAM model can better simulate the rainfall runoff process in the basin and can be applied to the early warning indicators of the basin.

Time series is a series of data obtained in chronological order. Future values of most time series can be forecasted according to current values and past values. The EViews software is a software package specifically designed to process time series data. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, a time series forecast method, can be achieved with the EViews software. Based on the EViews software, the forecast procedure with ARIMA model is illustrated in this work. As an example, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of China is forecasted from 2016 to 2018.

A varying return-stroke speed during the propagation process along the lightning channel is extensively reported. In this paper, we found, due to the propagation time difference of the emitted light by lightning in the propagation path from the lightning channel to the optical observation point, even in the case of an assumed constant return-stroke speed, the observed speed, termed as the apparent return-stroke speed, is not constant. For conventional return-stroke engineering models that the return stroke is assumed to propagate from the ground, we investigated the influence of the observation distance, the observation altitude, and the assumed value of the return-stroke speed on the variation trend of the apparent speed. In addition, the deviation of the apparent speed from its actual value is compared for the concerned influencing factors. The need of propagation time correction in obtaining the characteristics of return stroke propagation from the time-resolved optical records is emphasized here.

Meteorological Environment information is characterized by professional, efficient, real-time, accurate, and three-dimensional. Its characteristics result in meteorological environment information data based on real-time information and display restrictions on the web side. Therefore, obtaining applicable weather information services is affected. Android-based mobile terminals use GPS technology to carry out the design of meteorological environment information visualization function is of great significance. Combining meteorological environment information with GPS location information data, logic processes such as acquisition, transformation, integration, and data superposition, by directly extracting the method of demanding meteorological environment information, displaying weather information corresponding to the specified location information that meets the actual needs of the user on the Android mobile terminal Provide meteorological environment information in accordance with meteorological environment information standards as required by the World Meteorological Organization. Users using Android mobile terminals can make corresponding preventive measures based on this meteorological environment information to reduce personal and property losses caused by lack of meteorological environment information and extreme weather conditions.

As a collection place of surface runoff, river is the main place for the water exchange and water quality. It is importance to analyse the interaction between groundwater and surface runoff for the spatial variation of permeability coefficient. In this paper, the unsaturated zone in the intertidal area of Weihe river basin was taken as the research area. The spatial distribution of vertical permeability coefficient was analysed by histogram statistical test. We analysed the function relation between the variance and correlation length of the numerical value and the macroscopic dispersion of sediment. The results show that the average vertical saturated permeability coefficient of unsaturated zone is 0.012 cm/s, the variation of permeability coefficient has strong spatial variability. The vertical permeability coefficient of the unsaturated zone along the Weihe in the intertidal area with the logarithmic normal distribution rule. The longitudinal macroscopic dispersion of the unsaturated zone is 9.7m, and longitudinal macroscopic dispersion is related to the research scale.

Changqing oil field generally used sucker rod pump. In 2015, the maintenance operations reached 42 thousand times, the cost is about 550 million RMB, the work caused by tubing and sucker rod lopsided wearing accounts for 42.8% of the total. This paper focused on the main factor of lopsided wearing which caused high frequency of maintenance work, a three-dimensional mechanical simulation model of sucker rod string was established based on the analysis of borehole trajectory, rod mechanics; A model for calculation the neutral point of double material composite pipe and steel tubing is carried out; The calculation method of allowable stress is modified; at the same time, the application conditions of the mature process is standardized, to achieve the integration of technology management. The sucker rod lateral force dynamic distribution and allowable stress calculation method, the sucker rod parameter optimization and real-time warning, optimization of structure and the amount of wear resistant pipe string have been applied in oilfield. Compared with 2015, The number of maintenance operations decreased more than 6000 wells, operation frequency by 0.99 times / year - wells decreased to 0.85 times / year - wells, which is composed of 14 thousand and 500 well tube and rod failure wells decreased to 13 thousand and 300 wells, decreased 8%, annual cost savings of nearly 60 million RMB. It will have important guiding significance to prolong the pump checking period and cost control.

Although XRF elemental analysis is one of the major methods of depositional environment research in shale, it has not formed a unified standard in sandstone. With XRF portable analysis technology developing recently, the advantages of its portability, economy, high efficiency and the protection of the original sample make it more widely used. This study area has only few wells in the northern part of Xihu Sag with the problem of unclear sedimentary facies and sedimentary environment definition. In this case, the work attempts to determine the ancient depositional environment and typical sedimentary microfacies by using XRF core dense sampling method. According to the test accuracy of the hand-held X fluorescence spectrometer, the environmental discrimination elements of Sr, Mn, Ti, Mg, Ca and Fe were selected. The data of the cementing development layer were excluded by the casting and scanning electron microscopy. This paper normalized the relevant elements by GR curve, and the content of related elements in the fine sediment of one unit is obtained, which eliminates possible misjudgement caused by the content of fine sediment in determination of sedimentary environment in the sandstone reservoir. Then this study uses the standardized elemental and elemental ratio of the study area to determine the ancient depositional environment. Finally, according to the relationship between sedimentary microfacies and elements in the study area, two types of reference plate are selected to determine the sedimentary microfacies, providing the basis for fine grading of sedimentary microfacies.

China is a country with frequent mountain flood disasters. Especially in recent years, with climate change and social population develops rapidly, mountain torrent disaster not only cause huge economic losses, but also cause injuries to people. So the prevention and treatment of mountain torrent disaster get more and more important. This paper starts from non-structural measures of mountain flood prevention, it chooses Wendeng, Shandong as an example, considering the topography and hydrometeorology of Wendeng basin, analysis the hydrological characteristics of this basin, this paper constructs topology of Wendeng Basin, establish distributed hydrological model of Wendeng Basin. In this paper, the intensity of various disaster-causing factors and the vulnerability of disaster-bearing body in each basin of Wendeng area were analysed by taking the basin as a unit. Then through the superposition analysis, the distribution of risk in each river basin was finally obtained, which provided the basis for the prevention and control of mountain flood in Wendan City.

Based on energy consumption management platform, this system can do performance monitoring, energy consumption analysis, operation optimization, optimal load dispatching, information statistics, on line evaluation of energy saving reconstruction and comprehensive analysis of power plant. This system adopts open, standard and distribution tructur, it also supports data long-distance supervise, management and long-distance upgrade and servicing. It makes sharing of the whole enterprises production management information possible, each department can access the overall information timely in order to make the right judgment and decision. This system has become a sharp tool of digital Working method advocated by a power generation company, and the company has carried out a lot of effective energy saving and consumption reduction work, and improve the economy, safety and management level.

Sthe research studies the migration pattern of major elements of the bauxite in Datang Syncline, WZD area of the northern part of GuiZhou province through field geological survey, hand specimen observation, and major element analysis and the result shows that Al, Si and Fe all show negative correlation, the enrichment of Al is the result of the massive loss of Si and Fe, the migration pattern of Si and Fe in Datang area is not obvious which means the leaching effect is not sufficient in this area and Si and Fe do not migrate synchronously during mineralizing process.

Based on the daily precipitation data of 26 meteorological stations in the Longchuan River Basin from 1978 to 2015, the spatial distribution and trend of extreme precipitation events in the Longchuan River Basin were analyzed by trend analysis and Kriging interpolation method. The results showed that the spatial distribution of the annual mean values of each extreme precipitation index in the basin has obvious regional characteristics. The total extreme precipitation, annual precipitation, extreme precipitation days and rainy days in the southwest were higher than those in other regions, however, the extreme precipitation thresholds and daily precipitation intensity were lower than those in other areas, and the opposite occurred in the northeast. In addition to, the interannual variation of the extreme precipitation and daily precipitation intensity showed a trend of growth while the remaining indicators showed a downward trend from 1978 to 2015, indicating that both the precipitation intensity and extreme precipitation in the region increased.

The construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt" may bring about a new round of carbon emission growth, and the dual control of total energy consumption and intensity should be strengthened. In this study, the SE-SBM model considering undesirable output was adopted to measure the carbon emission effects of 9 core provinces and regions in the economic belt from 2006 to 2016, and the panel threshold model was adopted to estimate the carbon emission effect under environmental regulation. The results showed that the overall carbon emission efficiency in the economic belt showed a U-shaped trend, with provinces such as Sichuan and Chongqing showing higher efficiency, Gansu and Guangxi showing a larger decline. When the per capita GDP was <10700.01, environmental regulation showed a significant negative effect; when per capita GDP was >47192.96, environmental regulation showed a significant positive effect; energy structure and foreign direct investment had a significant negative effect; technological innovation had a significant positive effect; urbanization, industrialization and opening-up had not passed the significance test. China should adhere to green and low-carbon development, formulate appropriate environmental regulation intensity, select reasonable environmental policy tools, develop and utilize clean energy, guide FDI to low-carbon environmental friendly industries, and strengthen technological innovation and application transformation.

In order to accurately estimate stage of charge(SOC) of the electric car lithium-ion battery, the paper used a variety of equivalent circuit model and built space state equation, through real-time online with forgetting factor recursive least squares identification battery model parameters, dynamic real-time update battery model state equation, the experimental condition to make use of the Matlab simulation, based on the battery circuit model of joint (FFRLS - EKF) algorithm, and joined the battery stage of health(SOH), The average error of the obtained SOC estimate is less than 1.8i% and the maximum error is less than 3%.Finally, the accuracy of FFRL-SEKF-SOC is verified, and the error accumulation problem is solved.

The basement reservoir is distributed predominantly in Northern Slope Belt of Bongor basin in Chad and adopts openhole completion. Layered well testing is performed in basement reservoir to acquire fluid property, find water-oil interface, confirm oil production rate, etc. Sometimes more than two layers will be tested one by one from the bottom up in the openhole interval. Cementing plug technology is often applied to seal the tested zone and the cement plug also makes a new bottom hole for the MFE testing string to reduce the tail pipe length. But the fractures of basement openhole interval are well developed, so cement slurry leakage often occurs and makes it difficult to control the top of the cement plug, which makes a low success rate while cementing plug. Repeatedly cementing plug operations for one layer makes testing period and cost increased. In order to solve the aforementioned problems and through investigating and analyzing the basement reservoir lithology, a new type of tool, drillable openhole bridge plug, is developed after many laboratory experiments. It is combined with cementing plug to seal the tested zone and successfully used in six (6) wells, simplifying the plugging technology for basement openhole well, raising the success rate of plugging operation and making the plugging position more accurate.

Green roof is the source of emission reduction measures for sponge city construction. Green roof rate is the volume capture ratio of annual rainfall of the secondary indicators in sponge city urban planning, one of the city special planning or sponge around urban regulatory detailed planning with clear requirements. Green roof is the sponge as the source of urban rainwater runoff water quality of the construction of water control facilities, while effectively improve urban water environment, in order to maintain the growth of plant needs, green roof greening also to have certain demand. Higher the green roof rate is, the better the annual runoff control rate is, but the increase in water demand is also inevitable. Based on the statistics of the sett value of green roof rate for the existing parts of the city, the related relationship between the green roof rate and the plant watered to demand was putting forward based on the urban green plant water demand. On the sponge city planning, the green roof rate is provided with basic and scientific supporting under the premise of considering the greenbelt water.

Under the compression state in order to obtain mode open crack behavior of coal and rock burst, based on fracture mechanics analysis of crack open type crack pattern, the study of open type crack crack characteristics, using RFPA numerical simulation software simulation with different open type crack geometry parameters of coal and rock strength and failure characteristics. The research results show that the geometric parameters and load effect on crack open type crack law, the radius of curvature, the greater the Angle of the open type crack in the closer it gets to the DHS 40 ∼ 60 DHS, the longer the length, lateral pressure coefficient is smaller, the smaller the crack stress, coal and rock will be easy to burst;Coal and rock strength increases with the increase of content of open type crack length decreases sharply, along with the increase of crack Angle contained present the change trend of increase with the decrease of the first.

The foundation pit excavation of the natural foundation of the super high-rise building in the strong weathered sandstone area of Lanzhou is the first foundation excavation project of Gansu Province. Excavation method and soil condition affect the excavation of foundation pits to different extents. In order to obtain the excavation method of foundation pit excavation in the area, based on the local soil conditions, he ABAQUS finite element software was used to establish the 3D numerical simulation of foundation pit excavation, and the stress and deformation curves during foundation excavation were drawn. The simulation results were compared with the specifications to obtain a feasible scheme for foundation pit excavation. Then a typical soil layer was selected for excavation, and the effects of elastic modulus and cohesion on the deformation of the foundation pit during excavation were studied, the model damage cloud diagram during the foundation pit excavation process is obtained. By comparing the deformation of a certain path in the model and drawing the curve, the influence of elastic modulus and cohesion force on the excavation deformation of the foundation pit is obtained. At the same time, this article can also provide reference for similar projects in the future.

The stability control of roadside filling body is the key to keep the gob-side roadway retaining. According to the mechanical model of gob-side roadway retaining overlying strata, the paper analyzed the movement laws of main roof, especially the deformation process of key block B in the two stages. Based on this, we proposed and used the pier column supporting body as roadside support in the gob-side roadway retaining. We built a numerical model by using FLAC3D to analysis the supporting effect of pier column. All the above research results are applied in the tailway of W1305 working panel in Gaohe coal mine and have certain guidance to the practice of gob-side roadway retaining in other coal mine.

In a metal mine, there was a great risk of mining hidden resources due to unreasonable mining in the early stage. In order to effectively and safely mine this part of the resources, with the displacement as the objective function, a preliminary optimal dynamic programming model for the mining sequence of the unstable collapse zone was established and determined the preliminary plan. Using numerical analysis methods to optimize the mining sequence of the stope in the unstable collapse area. The results show that: 1) From the dynamic programming model, four feasible preliminary schemes are determined from the 10 schemes of possible mining sequence according to the numerical analysis results; 2) Mining from the S1-2# stope is the most reasonable. After comprehensive judgment, the optimal mining order of hidden danger stope is from S1- 2# to N1-2# and then S1-1#.The next order is from N0-1# to S0-1# and 0#.The research's results could provide reference for safe mining of similar mines.

Sudden water pollution incidents in rivers occur frequently, which has a serious impact on the ecological environment and residents' lives. After the sudden water pollution incident, determining the scale of the damage caused by the river water pollution event plays an important role in properly handling the accident. In this paper, the 3EWATER "hydrodynamic-water quality" numerical simulation system is used to simulate the concentration change of a certain pollutant in the river section during a certain period of time and realizes the visual expression of the simulation process. By simulating the sudden benzene leakage event in the Qin River, it was found that when the concentration of the leaked pollutant was 7*10-3kg/m3, the concentration of benzene into the section of Yellow River reached a peak of 1.236mg/L after about 14 hours of leakage, and then began to decrease; after 20 hours of leakage, the concentration of pollutants dropped to the safe concentration of water; the pollutants moved from upstream to downstream in the form of "pollutant band" in the corresponding study area; The highest concentration of pollutants is near the center of the "pollutant band". The results of this case have strong practical value and provide decision-making basis for water environment planning management,water pollution prevention and emergency response to sudden water pollution incidents.

Karst basin as a relatively independent hydrological and geomorphological system is composed of different sub-units. The ecological environment conditions of each unit have both internal relations and obvious differences. so it is difficult to conduct ecological governance in the same way. By using GIS technology, automatic extraction and multicomponent auxiliary correction were used to determine the basin boundary, fractal theory was adopted to classify the basins, and the characteristics of each type of drainage basins were analyzed in combination with slope, undulation, vegetation cover and land use. The results show that: (1) The problem of boundary inconsistency between above-ground and underground drainage basins in karst basin is solved by using the method of correcting the basin extracted automatically from the surface basin. (2) According to the calculated average fractal dimension of contour line of each river basin, and combined with the geomorphological characteristics of each river basin, the dividing threshold of each river basin was determined, and the fractal dimension value greater than or equal to 1.64 was divided into the first type of river basins. The fractal dimension between 1.64 and 1.74 is the second type of basin. The fractal dimension value greater than or equal to 1.74 is divided into the third type of basin. (3) Three karst basins of different types have different landforms, vegetation cover and land use, which provide theoretical basis and technical support for the control of rock desertification in accordance with local conditions.

The minimum ignition energy of tapioca starch was studied by using 1.2L Hartmann tube, and the three main influencing factors: tapioca starch quality, ignition delay time and dusting pressure were tested. The experimental results show that the effect of dusting pressure on the minimum ignition energy is the most obvious. With the increase of powder pressure, the minimum ignition energy first decreases and then increases, and when the powder pressure is 90Kpa, the minimum ignition energy is the smallest, which is 58mj; ignition delay time is different, the degree of dust dispersion is different, and the optimum ignition delay time is 30ms. The minimum ignition energy decreases first and then increases with the increase of the quality of tapioca starch. When the mass is 0.5 g, the ignition energy is the smallest. It is 60mJ.

Through various measures such as field geological survey, observation of hand specimens and analysis of major elements, we studied the migration pattern of major elements of the bauxite in Zhangjiayuan Syncline, Wuchuan-Zheng, an- DaoZhen(short for WZD) area of Northern Guizhou Province. The results show that: the Al element was negatively correlated with Si and Fe, but it was not completely synchronous, which indicates the complexity of the mineral transformation during the migration process and the result of superposition of multi-period migration; Al and Ti presented highly positive correlation, and both were relatively stable with certain correlation during the mineralization process; Al was enriched in the central area, Si and Fe presented the tendency of downward aggregation, but the migration scale of elements of the bauxite in Zhangjiayuan Syncline was smaller than that in the karst bauxite in Zunyi.

Industries of Fujian Province use more energy than any other sectors and it is important to explore both the characteristics and reduction potential of their CO₂ emissions. A decomposition analysis based on the LMDI method during 2005-2016 is performed to investigate the main driving forces behind energy-related CO₂ emissions variations in Fujian Province, China. We find that raw coal, crude oil and electricity are ranked in the top three CO₂ emissions. The proportion of CO₂ emissions from raw coal still accounts for the largest proportion of CO₂ emissions from all types of energy. The total CO₂ emissions of industrial energy consumption increased from 44.27 million tons (Mt) in 2005 to 88.51 Mt in 2016. The industrial scale effect is the main driving factor for the growth of CO₂ emissions in Fujian industry sector. The energy intensity effect is the main inhibitor of the growth of CO₂ emissions. The energy structure effect has only a weak positive or negative impact on Fujian industrial CO₂ emissions. Finally, some potential policy implications are put forward on mitigating carbon emissions.

In order to reveal the basic characteristics of the release of heavy metals in the sediment of the Nanchang section of the Middle Jiangxi River in the Poyang Lake River Basin, the experimental study was carried out. The release process of heavy metals Cu and Cd in the sediment under different hydrodynamic conditions was simulated by using the PES re suspension device. The results show that: 1) compared with the hydrostatic condition, the heavy metals in the sediment are more likely to migrate under the dynamic water conditions. The greater the disturbance shear stress is, the greater the heavy metal release is;2) the initial release rate is slower in the middle period than the latter; 3) the influence degree of the migration of heavy metals in the hydrodynamic condition is Cu > Cd.

Solubilities of cinildipine in supercritical carbon dioxide was measured at T = (313, 323, and 333) K over the pressure range (12.0 to 36.0) MPa by a flow type apparatus. The solubility behavior of the solid shows an analogous trend with a crossover region of the isotherms in 15.0-18.0 MPa. The experimental solubility data are well correlated with semi-empirical density-based models including the Chrastil, Bartle, and MST models with the absolute average relative deviation (AARD) from (7.0 to 7.5)%, and the solubility data satisfy the self-consistency test according to the MST model.

Weishan Lake is one of the four lakes in the Nansi Lake and an important water transport hub for the east route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The water quality study of Weishan Lake is conducive to a comprehensive understanding of the water quality and ensure the smooth progress of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. This paper uses the water quality comprehensive pollution index evaluation method to analyse the water quality of Weishan Lake, and uses ArcGIS drawing software to spatially distribute the concentration of CODMn, NH3-N, TP, TN and SS in Weishan Lake water quality monitoring. Visualize to analyse the maximum impact factor for each space. At the same time, this paper combines the water quality evaluation results of Weishan Lake and the cause of water pollution, and puts forward the control countermeasures suitable for the pollution control of the basin, which provides a basis for the Weishan Lake watershed management and the realization of the water quality target of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.

Areal precipitation estimation directly affects the accuracy of reservoir runoff inflow forecasts and flood dispatching decision-making. Because of the heterogeneous spatial and temporal precipitation distributions in large basins, inadequate precipitation stations normally have a negative impact on forecast accuracy. Using the Panjia-kou reservoir runoff inflow forecast as the research subject, this paper adopts the Thiessen polygon block, square grid computing, and DEM (digital elevation model) methods to estimate average regional areal precipitation. Based on the estimation, a model for the Panjia-kou reservoir runoff forecast is developed. The results indicate that different areal precipitation estimation methods have significantly different effects on the accuracy of the reservoir runoff inflow forecast. When the average regional precipitation estimation from the DEM method is used as an input to the model, the simulation results are accurate and are much better than those from the other two average regional precipitation estimation methods.

Geothermal energy will play an important role in the energy supply and environmental protection. The paper study on geothermal energy utilization technology evaluation based on AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation by setting up the evaluation model. The evaluation objects are mainly flash steam plants, dry steam plants, binary plants and heat pumps. According to the comprehensive assessment results, the paper determines priorities, analyzes the advantages and drawbacks of various technologies, and proposes the countermeasures on the further developing of geothermal energy technologies.

The ore-forming environment of Fuxing bauxite in the Zunyi area of northern Guizhou Province was analyzed by field geological survey, hand specimen observation and geochemical analysis. The results show that the sedimentary environment of Fuxing bauxite is a continental lake or marsh environment, and the sedimentary environment is reduced Environment, but the leaching process is an acidic oxidizing environment; Al has a good positive correlation with Ti, and Al has a negative correlation with Si and Fe; ore-bearing rock is formed in a strong acidic environment. Fe rapidly migrates to the bottom, but leaching when it is insufficient, Si does not have time to migrate, so that the Fe content in the ore is low but the ore grade is still low.

Graphene oxide membranes (GOMs) are ultra-thin, high-throughput and energy-efficient membranes for precise ion and molecular sieving in aqueous solutions. The spacing control of the graphene layer has a great influence on the separation effect of the material, and is of great significance for achieving the balance between the separation degree and the flux. Due to the particularity of the graphene oxide structure, the layer spacing can be precisely manipulated when the multi-layers are self-assembled. Layer-by-layer self-assembly is an important method for preparing graphene oxide membranes. Based on the unique structure and properties of graphene oxide membranes, layer-by-layer self-assembly method and its application is reviewed in this paper.

With the ever-increasing enhancement of living standards, indoor air quality has been drawing more and more attention, due to the conditions of indoor environment with significant relevance to human growth development, health and work efficiency. The quality of indoor environment has a direct impact on the quality of people's life, and even concerns the issue of human survival. In consequence, the pervasive and exponentially increasing indoor air data presents imminent challenges to how to monitor and evaluate the indoor environment parameters, and create a comfortable, quiet and clean indoor environment, which is indispensable based on data mining methods in the context of big data. This paper focuses on two methods of nonlinear feature extraction: Kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and PCA. Experimental results demonstrate that the recognition accuracy of feature extraction-based KPCA is superior to that of PCA.

The current urban natural environment has been included in the urban planning assessment indicators, and the theory of hollowing out urban planning has risen to the height of the combination of urban and ecological. Starting from the theory of urban sustainable development, the theoretical model of "ecological city" was initially established, which fully considered the three major systems of urban people's spatial living demand hierarchy theory, urban development status and ecological environment development status, maintaining nature and city, and people. Balance with the needs of nature, people and society. Through the introduction of the three major elements of nature, society and time, the whole is the theory and practice of urban planning, and points out the direction for the development of urban science.

Stress-deformation behavior of the concrete face rockfill dam of the construction period and filling period is simulated based on the three dimensional nonlinear finite element method and engineering situation. The three dimensional finite element method is applied, with introuducing the Duncan-Chang E-B model for rockfill materials and overburden cover and Goodman element without thickness for the interface. The numerical simulation is used to Study the different rockfill materials parameters influencing the behaviour of stress-deformation of dam body. The study shows that the stress and displacement distribution regularity of the concrete face rockfill dam of the lower reservoir of the pumped storage power station with normal range, and no special adverse behavior is found. The design conform with the regulatins, and its working characteristics conform to the general law. Besides, the rockfill materials parameters have significant influence on the deformation behaviour of the dam body and face-slab.

Membrane-based techniques are always praised as energy-saving and efficient methods to retrofit some conventional technological processes that are usually high energy-consumption, especially distillaiton in separation of azeotrope. This work reviews the recent progresses of separation processes by membrane-based techniques for liquid mixtures which are difficult to be separated by normal distillation. Membrane-based techniques such as membrane distillation, pervaporation, and membrane structured packing are concretely described. In addition, a membrane hybrid process is presented. Compared with conventional separation, membrane-based techniques and membrane hybrid processes will play important role in the separation of liquid mixture due to the investment, operating cost, safety and separation efficiency.

Most of the current research on rural domestic sewage is dispersal, while the research on unitized centralized domestic sewage treatment is relatively rare. The paper uses the bio-ecological combination technology to combine the constructed wetland as the control unit to carry out the ecological process ABR composite artificial optimization model research. Firstly, phosphorus removal research on five kinds of matrix fillers such as anthracite, coal slag, ceramicists, sandstone and brick slag is carried out, and the sewage at various levels is studied by adjusting the low, medium and high influenced pollutant loads and controlling the hydraulic retention time of pollutants. The processing efficiency of the processing unit during the filming period and the running period. Finally, the surface flow constructed wetland and the subsurface flow constructed wetland were set up as the secondary treatment unit for rural sewage treatment. The deep identification and extemporization of the sewage was carried out, and finally the effluent quality reached the first-level indicator of the Pollutant Discharge Standard of Urban Sewage Treatment Plant.

With the continuous development and extensive application of high and new technologies such as computer network technology, automatic control technology and wireless communication technology, and with the rapid development of agricultural technology, especially greenhouse, soilless cultivation, irrigation, factory farming and other technologies, agricultural production has become increasingly urgent for intelligent greenhouse environment monitoring technology. Intelligent greenhouse technology is a sophisticated technology of agricultural production, which combines high-precision and advanced technology in agricultural production with computer network control technology, and is the material basis for modern agricultural technology to carry out industrial transformation. This paper mainly designs the intelligent greenhouse environment monitoring system for the Fanjing mountain area.

This paper presents the environmental benefit and mechanical behavior of steel-concrete composite beams, and the fatigue deflection in the negative moment regions was studied emphatically. Firstly, through the comparison with concrete bridges, the environmental and economic benefits of steel-concrete composite girder bridges were analyzed. Then fatigue behavior of steel-concrete composite beams subjected to hogging moment was studied, and fatigue tests with different load amplitudes were performed on two composite beam specimens subjected to negative moment. Finally, the failure modes, load-deformation responses, and residual deformation under fatigue loading were cautiously measured and analysed.

Carbonated water injection (CWI) refers to a method that using carbonated water (CO₂ dissolved in water under high pressure) as injected fluid to displace oil in the reservoir. At present there is no report about CWI study in tight oil reservoirs. Based on the reservoir condition and material of a tight formation in Changqing Oilfield, we investigate the core displacement performances of CWI, water alternating Gas (CO₂), surfactant injection, and active carbonated water (adding surfactant in carbonated water) injection. Experimental results demonstrate that CWI recovery is 7.2% more than water injection, and 2.7% more than WAG injection; ACWI achieves the best performance with 10% more oil recovery than water injection.

In this paper, a three-dimensional vector stratified model (TVM) is established based on the gray relational analysis to determine a country's fragility. Firstly, we classify the influence factors into three categories, involving economy, society and environment. Each aspect corresponds to a coordinate axis in three dimensions. Secondly, we classify the climate change into 8 levels. Different level will affect specific indicators of each dimension. Therefore, the impact of climate change on vulnerability can be indicated by angel and modulus of obtained vector in the model. It illustrates that climate change impacts the fragility mainly in an indirect way.

In most cases, in the well-logging process, due to the interference of environment, geology and other factors, the original logging data is often mixed with various uncertain information, and the geological indicator is not obvious. For these reasons, the well-logging curve used for reservoir prediction are often reprocessed to eliminate the influence of non-geological factors on it, so as to guarantee the rationality and accuracy of the prediction results. This paper takes Gaotaizi reservoir in Q130 block located in Songliao basin as an example, aiming to strengthen the geological matching between well-logging curve and sand body through optimized processing such as well-logging curve standardization, normalization and curve reconstruction, so as to improve the accuracy of thin interbed reservoir prediction and provide a strong technical guarantee for the rolling development of this bl.

Large-scale sports events, such as the Olympic Games, the Asian Games, and the World Championships, are an active act of demonstrating the image of social civilization through physical events. At present, China is advocating the construction of ecological civilization. In large-scale sports events, how to adhere to the core of "green sports", protect and the surrounding environment, closely integrate sports events with ecological civilization construction, and explore the resumes of China's sports events under the theory of environmental protection. The surrounding environmental protection system is of great significance. To this end, this paper establishes a quantitative evaluation model based on quantitative recursive analysis of ecological environment in sports events, taking urban air pollution index, green vegetation coverage rate and urban microclimate as factors to evaluate the environmental quality, combined with urban environmental climate. The ecological assessment indicators should establish a regression analysis and evaluation model, and dynamically adjust, using sample statistics and pollution index measurement methods to achieve a qualitative assessment of the impact of large-scale sports events on the surrounding environment, and propose a protection strategy.

Determination of fluorine ion in surface water by ion chromatography is simple and rapid. It can well reflect the change of fluorine ion concentration in a certain period of time. In this experiment, the seven rivers of Jingbian, Qingping, White Tower, Sailong, Quanmin Reservoir Dam, Hulu Island and Lingyun Bridge in Guang'an City were monitored for four months. The results showed that from the perspective of watershed and river flow, due to the enrichment of fluorine ions in the downstream reaches, the fluorine ion concentration of the Lingyun Bridge is higher than that of other rivers, but they are all within the limits of 1mg/L which meets national standards of surface water (GB 3838-2002). From the time distribution, the maximum of F- average concentration of the seven rivers appeared in December, which may be due to the concentration of rainfall in October and November in Guang'an. To a certain extent, it has a certain dilution effect on fluorine ion concentration.

As an important field of electric power substitution process, it is of great significance to study the influence of electric power substitution policy on electric vehicle sales and electric power substitution. This paper establishes an electric power substitution time series intervening analysis model to simulate the sales data of new energy vehicles, and quantitatively analyzes the impact of short-term policies on electric vehicle sales and electric energy substitution. In view of the change of short-term subsidy policy, the sensitivity analysis is carried out, and the influence of the subsidy policy on the sales of new energy vehicles and the substitution of electricity are obtained under different rates of subsidy.

In recent years, the global hurricane has intensified, which not only has a certain impact on the climate, but also has a great impact on human living environment and social and economic development. Therefore, the prediction of hurricane intensity plays an extremely important role in current climatic conditions and human development. In order to understand the change of hurricane intensity, the sea surface temperature, vertical wind shear, ocean heat content, Coriolis parameters, low-level relative vorticity and other factors are used as related factors affecting hurricane intensity. In this paper, the dynamic weighted evaluation model is combined with the Borda number to establish a hurricane intensity evaluation model, and then the hurricane intensity under the influence of various influencing factors is predicted. At the same time, in order to more clearly reveal the specific impact of various factors on the hurricane, this paper uses the Arcgis platform for mapping, which is conducive to qualitative assessment of the degree of impact.

"Green space" is the lung of the city. The rational planning and protection of green space is crucial to the construction and development of the city. This paper mainly analyzes the problems existing in China's current urban green space system planning indicators, discusses the principles and index system for establishing the urban green space system index system, and proposes a new concept of ecological and three-dimensional greening represented by the green quantity rate. It analyzes the relationship between urban green space system and urban planning, the impact factors of resource reserve and environmental pressure in green space system planning and their effects, and controls and localizes from urban spatial structure, shape, urban land use, environmental quality and population size demand. From the perspective of detailed control, a resource-saving and environment-friendly urban green space system planning evaluation index system is constructed to provide operational decision guidance for urban planning.

The experiment of winter wheat brackish water irrigation was carried out in Xiawa Town, Zhanhua District, Shandong Province from 2015 to 2016. Four different irrigation schemes were designed by using fresh water and brackish water of salinity of 3.0g/L. The effect of brackish water irrigation on the distribution of water-salt in saline alkali soil was studied. The results showed that the soil water content of three times irrigation could reach 12.5% ∼ 19.9%, while that of twice irrigation could only reach 10.8% ∼ 13.6% and the salt accumulation of the scheme of fresh water + fresh water + brackish water was 0.0552g/kg, which indicated that this scheme could not only supplement soil water but also accumulate less salt.

Based on the mechanism of low-temperature multi-effect distillation combining with super-critical water oxidation (LT-MED&SCWO), a system that disposes phenol wastewater is introduced. Establishing a process of four-effect forward feed LT-MED concentrated phenol waste-water and a SCWO degradation of phenol by Aspen Plus software is essential to compare the effects of in-feed phenol mass concentration, system concentration ratio on phenol concentration ratio and mixing temperature of reaction required for degradation. The study shows that with the increase of in-feed phenol mass concentration, phenol concentration ratio keeps almost constant, 97.7%, but, preheating temperature of the concentrated water decreases when the final product mass phenol concentration is less than 0.5ppm; when system concentration ratio increases, phenol concentration ratio decreases from 99.5%to 96.7%and preheating temperature of the concentrated water also decreases when the final product mass phenol concentration is less than 0.5ppm.

For problem A, by appropriate ways, the data provided is filtered to gain five major energy data for each state: crude oil, coal, natural gas, nucleus and renewable energy. Energy profiles for each state are obtained by plotting line charts. For problem B, A three-level indicator system is constructed to analyse and compare the energy status of each state. From 605 variables given, 23 third-level indicators are selected by principal component analysis (PCA) and manual intervention. 5 secondary indicators elected by fuzzy cluster analysis are energy economic benefits (EEB), energy structure (EST), energy sustainability (ESB), energy consumption (ECP) and Energy production (EPD). Then the indicator system is weighted by the portfolio weighting method (PWE). The weights of secondary indicators are calculated via analytic hierarchy process (AHP). And third-level indicators are calculated by entropy weight method (EWM), in order to measure the energy situation in each state. Their effect on energy profiles is analysed intelligibly, combining with the various factors.

Based on physical simulation experiment and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, the effect of wettability and pore throat heterogeneity upon oil recovery efficiency during CO2 flooding, were conducted to investigate how crude oil residing in different sized pore are produced by immiscible CO2 flooding schemes in tight sandstone cores. Experimental results indicate that water wet cores lead to the highest final recovery factor in comparison with intermediate wet cores and weak oil wet cores. The recovery factor difference in clay micro pore is mainly because of the heterogeneity, while the difference in medium pore and large pore is affected by asphaltene precipitation phenomenon. Therefore, it is important to enhance the recovery in the clay micro pores, and focus on the cores permeability reduction caused by asphaltene precipitation. Based on this investigation on the residual oil saturation in pore throats subjected to immiscible CO2 flooding, it is possible to design an optimum flood scheme which suits for the microscope pore throat characteristics for a given tight oil reservoir.

Global warming has been widely concerned. As an effective way to balance carbon emissions and economy development, green low-carbon economy development model has been widely accepted. Countries have also shifted from traditional economy to green low-carbon economy. Based on the analysis of low-carbon economy theory, this paper uses the interval planning method to construct an optimization model from the perspective of controlling the total carbon emission, and makes an empirical study on the carbon emissions in the process of China's Industry Greening.

This paper designs third party governance market, carbon cycle trading two kinds of PPP governance haze model. Analyse the tasks of each stage (Source control, process control, end control) and the relationship between the three main bodies (government, public, haze governance corporation).In order to ensure the normal operation of PPP mode, five guarantee mechanisms have been established(Policy guarantee mechanism, Contractual credit mechanism, Negotiation competition mechanism, Win-win mechanism and Subsidy supervision incentive mechanism).The function and running process of each mechanism are determined, and the haze mode of the whole process of PPP is innovated, which has a good reference significance for the comprehensive management of haze.

The rapid development of China's economy in the past 35 years is essentially the rapid development of urbanization, which has not only raised the economic level, but also brought huge environmental risks. It is estimated that the urbanization in China will last for another 20 years. How to minimize the impact of the economic growth on the environment is a severe challenge for the development of China. This paper expounds the urgency and necessity of developing low-carbon cities in China, and illustrate the feasibility through examples.

The problems of water shortage, serious water pollution and deterioration of water ecological environment in China have become increasingly prominent. However, the economic development has made the demand for water resources in production and life continue to grow. Therefore, the importance of establishing water rights transfer system is self-evident. With regard to water resources accounting, the Australian Water Accounting Standards theory system is the most distinctive. It uses volume as the measurement attribute and based on the accrual basis, and uses the double-entry bookkeeping method to prepare water accounting statements. Based on the theory of water resources accounting at home and abroad and the water accounting standards in Australia, this paper proposes an accounting framework for Chinese water resources accounting entities based on national conditions, laying the foundation for macro resource environment calculation.

With the development of industrial technology, China's smog weather is frequent, affecting air quality and human health. It is important to monitor indoor air quality in real time and make timely processing. This paper designs an air quality monitoring system based on ZigBee wireless sensor network. The system consists of multiple terminal modules, a coordinator module, a control module, and a monitoring center. The terminal module collects data using a variety of sensors and sends them to the monitoring center through the GPRS. Once the air quality index exceeds the set threshold, the user is promptly alerted and the corresponding air purification process is performed. The system is simple and convenient, the monitoring result is accurate, the real-time performance is high, and the application is extensive.

In order to effectively control the noise source, the experiments on sound source identification were conducted on the generator side, intake side, and exhaust side of the test bench of the 2VQS EFI Volkwagen engine under different working conditions using the acoustic array. And applying the beamforming algorithm, the main noise sources at frequency range of 1000∼2000Hz were located at the three test surfaces. The result show that: In front of generator side, the source was mainly located at the generator, the crankshaft pulley and the intake manifold and the strongest sound pressure was focused on the generator; In front of intake side, the source was mainly located at the generator, the cylinder body, and the transmission case, and the strongest sound pressure was focused on the cylinder body; In front of exhaust side, the source was mainly located at the cylinder body, the three-way catalytic converter and the transmission case, and the strongest sound pressure was focused on the generator pulley and gear system. The strongest sound pressure of the three test surfaces increase with the rotational speed of engine, was nearly equal to 2500r/min, and changed smoothly more than 2500r/min.It provided a way for controlling engine noise.

Regarding oily sludge, microbial treatment of oily sludge will be a future development trend. It will be of great significance to apply microbial degradation of oily sludge to practical engineering. However, there are still many problems and deficiencies in biological treatment technology, such as Screening and cultivation of petroleum-degrading bacteria, long treatment cycle, etc. The purpose of this study is to cultivate a more active petroleum-degrading bacterium, which is used in the best state for the degradation of oily sludge.

Polyethylene lined tubing will be widely used in the exploitation of acid gas and oil wells. It was well known that nickel was an important element in polyethylene lined tubing. In this paper, a novel spectrophotometric method was described for determination of nickel in the polyethylene lined tubing. The method was based on the color reaction between nickel and dimethylglyoxime, which was favored in an alkaline medium, producing a red compound in the presence of ammonium persulfate as an oxidant. Under the optimum reaction conditions the absorption value was proportional to the concentration of nickel in the range of 0.080∼0.60% (R² = 0.9999), and the relative standard deviation was less than 3.0% (n=5). The proposed method was applied successfully to determine nickel in polyethylene lined tubing samples.

To ensure health and safety, and understand the heavy metal content, residual chlorine content and PH value in water real-time, we designed a new intelligent water quality monitoring system based on STM32F103 micro control embedded system and nRF24L01 wireless communication module. The system uses a mode of master and slave station system program. As the master chip of the slave station, STM32F103 realizes the collection and data processing of heavy metal, chlorine, organic matter and microorganisms in the water through various sensors. At the same time, the nRF24L01 wireless communication module not only sends the data to the master station for displaying real-time, can also send the master station as a gateway to the mobile client.

Developing water-saving irrigation is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of agriculture. And the research of how to use limited water resources to obtain the best yield, water use efficiency is a hot topic at present. In this paper, the optimum irrigation schedule is achieved by setting different water treatment schemes, optimizing the tomato yield, water use efficiency indexes. The result shows, when soil water rate is controlled within 70%∼75%, 60%∼65%, 80%∼85%, 75%∼80% of field capacity respectively in different developing stages, the tomato yield is the highest, which can reach 54050. 27kg/hm²; the water use efficiency is the highest, which can reach 27. 1kg/m³; and it is the best water-saving, high-yield, high-quality planting treatment.

As solid waste processing facilities deal with increasing amount in combination with enhanced environmental pressures, gas flow acceleration classification and drying is becoming one of the promising methods for filter cake treatment. The influence of feeding speed on gas flow acceleration classification and drying for filter cake treatment was investigated in terms of classification efficiency, purity and recovery proportion. The optimal feeding speed was 0.8 kg/h was the optimum feeding speed; at the same time, the diatomite recovery proportion was 41.7%.The present study could also provide an experimental basis for optimizing filter cake treatment process.

Microbial removal of heavy metals in sludge was investigated. Effect of bacterial strains on bioleaching of heavy metals were also studied. Mixed cultures of thelloobacillus ferrooxidans, t.thelloooxidans and acid resistant heterotrophic bacteria were used separately to compare efficiency of metal solubilization. The results showed that mixed cultures with acid resistant heterotrophic bacteria were more efficient than mixed cultures without acid resistant heterotrophic bacteria.

The new photocatalytic membrane reactor composed of photocatalysis and membrane separation not only has the advantages of combination, but also can effectively solve the separation problem of harsh system and recover the catalyst particles in wastewater treatment. Especially, the coupling system greatly improves the efficiency of treatment of high concentration organic wastewater. In this paper, the structure and operation mode of different types of photocatalytic membrane reactors are studied and prospected.

This paper based on the sampling and analyzed the soil nutrient status in the tea plantation of Qishan Mountain, western Chongqing. The results show that soil pH value of the tea plantation was found to be acidic, and the available Phosphorus, available Manganese, available Zinc, available Copper and available Iron were abundant. While Organic matter, total Nitrogen, available Potassium, and effective Magnesium content were relatively lacking. There were significant differences in total Nitrogen, Organic matter, available Phosphorus, available Zinc, and available Iron between different tea planting years. Fertilization should be based on the soil nutrient status in the management of tea gardens, in order to increase the income of the plantation.

porphyry molybdenum deposit is one of important molybdenum deposit types in the world, and the quantity of molybdenum resources accounts for 90% of global molybdenum resources. In recent decades, important progress has been achieved in terms of geologic features, geochemical features, mineralization metal resource, mineralization fluid resource and evolution of porphyry molybdenum ore as well as Mo element migration and sedimentation mechanism, mineralization age clarifying and geochemical dynamics of deposit formation. Based on synthesizing predecessors' achievements, mineralization metal resource and mineralization chronology are introduced in this paper, and new materials are provided for the research on porphyry molybdenum ore. The research indicates that, provenance system of porphyry molybdenum ore is very complicated, and Re-Os and Os-Os are effective age measurement methods.

According to the characteristics of the carbide slag, the resourcification utilization routes for carbide slag is summarized, such as building materials, chemical products, environmental governance, etc. Through the investigation to the condition of the carbide slag, the feasibility of resourcification utilization routes for carbide slag is analysed. The concept is put forward that resourcification utilization for carbide slag should conform to situ transformation and comprehensive utilization, in order to dispose carbide slag resourcefully and harmlessly.

Using the "near-natural forestry" idea to manage the Korean pine plantation, the necessity and feasibility of natural transformation of plantation are discussed. Using experimental ecological methods, using 6a cutting holes, it was verified that the existence of gaps has a favorable aspect for the growth of Pinus koraiensis plantations. Through theoretical ecological methods, the number of Pinus koraiensis strains with different diameters was obtained, and the relationship between different inter-forest gaps provided a scientific basis for the management of Pinus koraiensis plantations.

The heating and cooling load prediction model of an office building is established by using DesignBuilder V5 software. Some boundary conditions are obtained through investigation, and the annual heating and cooling load of the building is calculated by simulation. The maximum value of the cooling load is compared with the actual operation, and the maximum relative error results are within 10%. The model can provide reference for the load prediction of other office buildings.

In Part I, for problem A, when considering the energy compact among states, Nash Equilibrium in game theory is used to determine the targets for renewable energy use in 2025 and 2050. Based on the original forecasting model, the renewable energy target usage data are obtained by re-predicting. For problem B, three policies are proposed based on the model established, from the perspective of energy production technology, rational allocation of resources and government encouragement. In Part II, a one-page memo about all our work is summarized. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of our model is analysed.

This paper is based on a simplified ocean current model to estimate the possible area of aircraft debris in the ocean, and then further optimize the simplified ocean current model by current velocity distribution. The aircraft debris will be further driven by the ocean current, so the calculated area of possible damage will also change. Two different ocean currents are considered in this model to estimate the possible location of the aircraft debris.

In order to understand the flow rate of the new copper cage to be put into the Zhoushan sea area, this study used a point Doppler flowmeter to measure the flow velocity of the deep-water cage culture in Zhujiajian, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province for a long time, and measured the sea area as a regular half-day tide, and finally measured the results show that the flow rate shows a significant periodic change. Maximum flow rate is within 3-4 hours before and after the climax, generally between 1.2 m/s and 1.6 m/s, and then the flow rate is rapidly reduced to about 0.2 m/s. At the arrival of the low tide, the flow rate will have a small increase which reached about 0.5 m / s, after the low tide, slightly decreased, until the new climax came. The maximum flow rate during the measurement occurred at the moment when the tide occurred in the month, which was 1.983 m/s (average flow rate of 30 s).

In the process of social and economic development, mineral resources, as one of the production factors, are indispensable. If we want to maintain economic growth, we must have a sustainable and stable input of mineral resources. As China's economy has entered the late stage of industrialization, the problem of scarcity of mineral resources has become more and more serious. On the basis of influencing factors of mineral resources security, this paper establishes the evaluation index system of mineral resources security in China, and then uses AHP method to determine the weight of each influencing factor, which reflects the actual situation of the sample.

Dynamic remote-sensing monitoring based on the "3S" technology is conducted in areas suffering from severe water and soil loss in the northern mountainous region of the Dagu River Basin to quickly and accurately extract information factors about water and soil loss in this region. The research focuses on analyzing the correlation between water and soil loss of the northern mountainous region of the Dagu River Basin and influence factors such as land utilization, vegetation cover, landform features and human factor. The results of the dynamic monitoring are analyzed to figure out the causes of water and soil loss in this region so as to provide data support for following effective governance and regional planning.

The paper aims at revealing the dynamic variation characterization of soil carbon content and the influence factors. The experiments were conducted in the Qianguo irrigation area located in western Jilin Province, and the soil samples were collected from saline-alkali bare land and saline-alkali paddy fields of different reclamation years. The dynamic variations of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) during various growing stages were analysed. The effects of soil enzymes and chemical properties on SOC and SIC were illustrated. The results showed that SOC content initially decreased at the seedling and tillering stages, then increased at the heading stage, and finally decreased at the grain filling stage. However, SIC content initially increased at the seedling and tillering stages, then decreased at the heading stage, and finally increased at the grain filling stage. Rice growth had the effect of carbon sink. Both the reclamation of paddy field and the growing stages had significant effects on SOC and SIC contents. SOC was significantly positively correlated with the available nitrogen, invertase and catalase, and was negatively correlated with SIC, pH and conductivity, while SIC presented to be totally opposite. The conductivity and catalase had significant effects on SOC contents, while the available nitrogen and conductivity had significant effects on SIC.

Using numerical simulation technology, the research and analysis of the rational development policy boundary of high and low water cut period in medium and low permeability conglomerate reservoirs are carried out. According to the research, (1) due to the strong homogeneity of the conglomerate reservoir, the injection water is unevenly propelled, and the remaining oil distribution between the oil and water wells is irregular; (2) the local layer pressure is maintained near the saturation pressure. The highest rate and the best development effect; (3) for medium and low permeability conglomerate reservoirs, the reasonable water injection intensity gradually increases with the increase of water content. For example, when the water content is 80%, the reasonable water injection intensity is 10m3/d/m;, for a water content of 90%, a reasonable water injection strength of 6m3 / d / m (3) for the different formation pressure and water content level of the reservoir, determine the ratio of injection and production, for example, the current formation pressure The oil layer with a water content of 8.0 MPa and a water content of 80% has a reasonable injection-production ratio of 1.05.

The stem sap flow characteristics of mixed forest of Maple camphor mixed forest in mountain area of West Hunan Province were studied. The results showed that during the observation period, the rainfall in the study area was 1971.84 mm and the number of rainfalls was 83 times. The stem flow of the mixed forest increased with the increase of rainfall, and there was a significant linear relationship between the stem flow and rainfall. The fitting equation of Maple camphor mixed forest was y = 0.0218x−0.0356, R² = 0.6376.

Rolling bearings are essential parts, and its operation directly affects the overall condition of the equipment. Due to the complicated non-mapping relationship between the fault and the symptom issued, this paper adopts the strong non-mapping of the neural network and the ability to self-learn and adapt to the state detection and fault diagnosis of the rolling bearing. Through select the fault characteristic parameters, and the BP neural network to select normal operation and inner ring fault characteristic parameters for fault diagnosis. Experiments show that the BP neural network constructed in this paper can accurately determine whether the rolling bearing is fault based on actual data.

with the continuous expansion of shale gas development in drilling engineering, there are more and more waste oil drilling cuttings, which has become a heavy burden on the oilfield. If not treated effectively, it will cause great harm to the natural and address environment around the oilfield. This paper mainly studies several kinds of waste oil cuttings disposal technology, and puts forward the most mature technology of eight medium oil cuttings disposal at present, in order to help the relevant treatment work.

This article using various dynamic / static state and monitoring data, has dissected the variation law of some parameters, such as porosity, permeability,and so on, after polymer flooding in the area analyzed the distributing and existing way of remaining oil in oil layers after polymer flooding, studied exploitation characteristic variation after the subsequent water injection breakthrough, summarized dynamic variation rules of different stages, and according to the change features, subdivided the development stages of further water flooding, evaluated the results of integrated adjustment and potential tapping in all stages.

A new mononuclear gadolinium complex: [Gd(tfac)₃(NIT-2thz)] (tfac = trifluoroacetylacetonate; NIT-2thz = 2-(2'-thiazolyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) was synthesized, structurally and magnetically characterized. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis reveals that this complex crystallized in the C2/c space groups. Each central Gd ion is eight-coordinated by three bischelate tfac ligands and one radical ligand. Through magnetic study, ferromagnetic Gd (III)–radical coupling of this complex were observed.

All Coking chemical industry (also known as coking chemical industry) is a major component of the traditional coal chemical industry in China. In its production process will produce a large number of smokes containing SO₂. In view of the above problems, the design of ammonia desulfurization tower has been improved in this paper. The pre-treatment step in the industry is completed in the desulfurization tower, and the baffle area is designed to separate the different reactions and collected the spray liquid, and a drainage plate is added at the flue gas inlet. The improved desulfurization tower can ensure the uniform distribution of flue gas inlet, but also can improve the absorption efficiency and increase the recycling of reagents.

The influence of polychlorinated dib Enzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) on the plant environment were investigated on the basis of analyzing PCDD/Fs content and congener profiles in the soil and waste water by washing ash from a simple waste incinerator (SWI). The mean PCDD/F concentrations for soil and wastewater by washing ash was 318.33 ng/kg and 151.04 ng/L, respectively, and the corresponding mean I-TEQ concentrations were 24.08 ng I-TEQ/kg and 10.52 ng I-TEQ/L. The high I-TEQ concentration in soil from the plant area indicated that the impact of PCDD/F emissions from the SWI on the plant environment was quite significant.

During the initial mining period of the high gassy and sandstone direct overburden face, the working face is faced with not only the large area roof suspension, but also the problem of gas transfinite caused by the sudden roof caving. Deep hole pre-splitting blasting technology is adopted to blast the roof. the practice shows that the main roof collapses completely when the working face advancing 37m, and large area roof suspension is eliminated during the initial mining period. Gas control roadway is constructed at the rear of open-off cut, perforating drilling, bedding drilling and roof drilling are respectively arranged in the roadway, and the pressure relief gas is pumped from the coal seam and its adjacent seam. This technology has increased the daily output of the working face by 33%, and good results have been achieved in the field practice.

A novel dinuclear dysprosium complex, namely [Gd₂ (L)₄ (C₂H₃O₂)₂ (CH₃OH)₂] (1) (L=2-hydroxy-3-methodxybenzaldehyde-5-bromo oxime), was synthesized, structurally and magnetically characterized. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis reveals that complex 1 is neutral dinuclear complex, in which two Gd (III) ions with nine-coordinated environment are bridged by two phenoxide groups from two Schiff base ligands and four O ions from two molecules of methanoic acid. The magnetic study of complex 1 indicates the slow relaxation of magnetization.

Environmental Kuznets Curve is one of the important indicators to measure environmental pollution and economic growth. This paper USES panel data of environment and economy of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China to analyse the relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth. The results have showed that the relationship between waste water and economic growth is "inverted U-shape", and the inflection point is about 27,000 ¥ per capita income, but the relationship between exhaust gas and economic growth is also "inverted U-shape", and the inflection point is about 88,000 ¥ per capita income. It shows that China's waste water treatment is early and the technology is mature, but the exhaust gas treatment still needs to be strengthened.

Water resources are an important component of the resource environment. The sustainable carrying capacity of water resources is an essential indicator for the comprehensive evaluation of regional sustainable development. This paper will select 17 water resources carrying capacity impact factors to establish a sustainable water resources assessment system. The grey clustering evaluation based on the triangle whitening weight function is used to obtain the objective evaluation results of water resources carrying capacity.

Phosphate is one of the most important elements of plant, which can enhance photosynthesis and carbohydrate transport. Phosphate can promote the synthesis of protein, and it is conducive to the reduction and utilization of nitrate by nitrogen fixation. Phosphate participates in the synthesis of plant fat, which can improve crop adaptability to the external environment. However, if phosphorus pollution is discharged directly, it will lead to serious environmental pollution, such as nutrient enrichment of seawater. ZIF-8, a subclass of MOF, has emerged as a new kind of porous crystalline materials with excellent properties such as uniform micro-pores, accessible pore volumes, large surface areas as well as exceptional chemical and thermal stabilities, making it potentially interesting candidate for adsorbing phosphate from waste water.

This paper studies the layout and material development of sports facilities in the plateau environment of Gansu Tibetan Plateau by means of literature data, GIS spatial analysis and mathematical statistics. Based on the correlation analysis between population size and community area, it is concluded that the population size and community area of Gansu Tibetan areas are unreasonable; the number of public sports facilities in urban communities is not coupled with the community area; the layout of sports facilities is unreasonable and the number is biased. Strategies based on GIS system: strengthen the rational layout of sports facilities; focus on equipment research and development, combine regional characteristics, and manufacture suitable sports equipment; use composite reinforcement materials to improve the controllability of local mass fitness.

In a metal mine, there is a great risk of mining hidden resources caused by unreasonable mining in the early stage. In order to effectively and safely mine this part of the resources, it is based on investigating the current status of mining and delineating the area of instability and collapse, the area is firstly grouted and strengthened and temporarily supported, and then the first mining site and its mining method in the hidden danger area are given. The 3D model of the original goaf was constructed, and the numerical analysis model was introduced and numerical simulation was carried out, the results show that: 1) grouting reinforcement treatment and temporary support measures can effectively control the surrounding rock to continue collapse; 2) the original three-dimensional visualization model of the original goaf can reflect the real situation of the first mining stope; 3) based on the results of comprehensive numerical analysis, the stope structure parameters of the first stope are obtained, the length, width and height are 31×7.5×28.8m and 36×7.5×28.8m, respectively. The optimized result realizes the safe mining of the stope and provides reference and reference for the mining of similar stope.

As one of the important means to accelerate the transformation of the world to sustainable energy, regional energy internet accepts as much renewable energy as possible without significantly increasing system costs. This paper analyses the operation characteristics of renewable energy, studies the regional renewable energy coordination and optimization technology, and the regional energy complementarity characteristics and different energy coordination and optimization control technology, and realizes the complementary absorption of regional energy to accept new energy better.

The impact of temperature reduction on the stability and recoverability of partial nitrification in a batch biofilter were investigated in present study. The results showed that NH₄⁺-N removal rate, NO₂–N accumulation rate and effluent NO₂–N/NH₄⁺-N ratio of the batch biofilter could maintain at about 60%, 95% and 1.3 respectively when the temperature was controlled at 20∼25°C. Within this temperature range, the batch biofilter had good partial nitrification performance and could provide suitable and stable influent conditions for the subsequent anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX). When the biofilter was shocked by low temperature, its COD removal ability and partial nitrification performance could both basically restore to its original level via resuming 25°C for a period of time.

With the renovation of indoor buildings in recent years, the problem of air pollution has become more and more serious. With the continuous improvement of people's living environment requirements and the constant pursuit of quality of life, interior architectural decoration has become a common phenomenon, and the decoration technology has become more and more sophisticated. At the same time, the unqualified building decoration materials also caused serious pollution to the indoor air environment and caused serious damage to the health of the residents. This study analyzes the status quo of indoor environmental pollution from the decoration materials, and gives corresponding control, treatment and preventive measures for various building decoration materials that cause indoor air pollution.

Wetland represents an important type of ecosystem that supports the development of human society. As a unique category of wetland ecosystem, plateau wetlands play a key role in maintaining biodiversity and providing ecosystem functions and services. The current study focuses on five major aspects that are closely related to the protection and management of plateau wetlands in Yunnan Province, China, including wetland monitoring and assessment, ecological restoration practice, the establishment of protection and management system, cross-sector communication and cooperation, and the development of public education programs. Also, based on lessons from successful experiences in wetland protection and management on a national and international scale, as well as an analysis of current situation and existing problems in current practice of protecting plateau wetland in Yunnan Province, we put together some suggestions to help protect and manage these precious wetlands in Yunnan from the perspective of sustainable development.

Cadmium (Cd) is a byproduct of zinc production. It has a high solubility, mobility and biological accumulation leading to a risk of bone and kidney damage after long-term exposure. Sorption is an effective method to treat Cd-contaminated water. As a great potential contaminant sorbent, biochar can be produced from rice husk, coconut shell and bamboo under their respective optimum conditions for the sorption of toxic metal ions were used as representatives. Sorption models of kinetics and isotherms were used to fit the experimental results. Pseudo-first-order models fitted the data better than pseudo-second-order for all types of biochar. The Cd²⁺ sorption capacity of coconut shell char and bamboo char was higher than rice husk char (7.3723 mg/g ≈ 7.3835 mg/g > 5.0345 mg/g). Freundlich model fitted the results of coconut shell biochar and bamboo biochar better than Langmuir model, which indicate a strong bond for Cd²⁺ sorption. In contrast, for rice husk biochar Langmuir model fitted the results better than Freundlich model indicating monolayer sorption mechanism dominated the sorption.

With the global temperature rising and the greenhouse effect serious, the development of a low-carbon green economy will inevitably become an international trend. Since China's current energy structure is a development model of high energy consumption and high pollution, and coal is the main energy source, China's environmental pollution control has a long way to go. Based on this, this paper comprehensively analyzes the statistical description of the accounting in the pollution control project, establishes the optimization model of accounting fair value, and aims to achieve low carbon green environmental governance, and proposes a regression analysis environment based on the second element. Governance accounting model. The linear statistical method is used to calculate the fair value, combined with the payment level of environmental governance and the quality benefit level as the dependent variable, and the equilibrium game control is carried out to realize the green low carbon cost accounting. Finally, through empirical analysis, the regression analysis of the model is better, which leads to the optimization of environmental protection cost.

In China, the management of domestic garbage is becoming an urgent issue. With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the living standards of residents have improved and the material conditions have improved too. At the same time, the rapid development of urbanization has also led to many problems. The most prominent of these is that residents produce a large amount of domestic garbage every day. A large amount of domestic garbage will damage the appearance of the urban, and improper disposal of domestic garbage will waste resources and pollute the environment and damage the sustainable development of society. This paper focuses on the management of domestic garbage, and then analyzes the current situation and problems of domestic garbage management, and gives relevant suggestions. Finally, I summed up the significance of scientifically managing domestic garbage for sustainable development.

In this study, a strain of Pichia pastoris strain N was screened from the soil around the local electroplating plant. This carbonate mineralization bacteria produced urease during the growth and metabolism process, decomposing the substrate urea and producing ammonia ions. And carbonate ions, mineralized to consolidate the heavy metal Ni in the soil. The basic physiological and biochemical properties, growth curve, urease activity and influencing factors of strain N and mineralization analysis experiments were analyzed. The conclusions of this experiment can provide a theoretical basis for the removal of heavy metals from soil in the field and can improve the application value of this technology.

Based on the meaning of resource and environment audit and its basic theoretical basis, this paper analyzes the practical achievements of resource and environment audit as a new practical audit in recent decades in China. At the same time, it briefly summarizes the existing problems and provides some theoretical references for the scholars who study it later.

The issue of climate change is a topic of close concern to both domestic and foreign society, and it is also an important issue affecting the sustainable development of all mankind. This article explains the impact of climate change on the country in two representative countries: Chad and Afghanistan. To measure a country's vulnerability index and how it is affected by climate change, we identified four main indicators of climate change: temperature, precipitation, forest area, and agricultural land area to analyse the country's vulnerability index. The indirect effects of climate change are measured using the Spearman coefficient matrix.

Oilfield development has entered into high water cut stage, the development difficulty is increasing, in order to raise recovery ratio and improve the development effect of the block, the injection and production system has been adjusted. The ratio of oil and water wells is reduced by changing the water injection well network; oil and water wells are complemented accordingly, the injection and production relationship of single sand body in this layer is improved; complementation of well network are carried out, and the injection and production relationship of other layers are improved; complementary utilization of well pattern and treatment of inefficient wells are adopted in fault area and so on, good development result is achieved, and it provides reference for development of water-drive remaining oil in future.

In the operation of new well fracturing, multi-layers are opened at one time, and each layer is separately fractured by downhole fracturing tool and hydraulic fracturing method, and the fluid is discharged from each layer for production. Such fracturing technology is called a well multi-layer fracturing technology. The fracturing technology is restricted by the reservoir characteristics. The multi-layer fracturing technology of one well is an effective practical technique in the practice of fracturing and testing for the wells with the same formation and multiple layers. This technology has been applied in CK Oilfield. The daily oil production of a well with multiple fractured wells is higher than that of the combined wells. According to the data of 15 wells in a well in the CK Oilfield, the average daily oil production per well is 3.95t/d. There are 7 combined wells, and the average daily oil production per well is 1.78t/d. The average single well production multi-layer fractured well is 2.17t/d.

A biological nitrogen removal model was established by AQUASIM software to model the autotrophic nitrogen removal performance of membrane aerated biofilm (MAB). The effects of biofilm thickness, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and influent ammonia concentration on microbial community and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency were investigated. The results show that the large biofilm thickness of counter-diffusion MAB contributed to the small proportion of AOB and low TN removal efficiency. It is worth noting that the TN removal efficiency reached 84% when the membrane thickness was 500 μm. Regarding with the HRT and influent ammonia nitrogen concentration, the low influent ammonia nitrogen concentration and HRT resulted in the high TN removal efficiency. The influent ammonia nitrogen concentration of 450 mg/L and HRT of 5.5 days contributed to the highest TN removal efficiency of 87%.

Based on two water hammer experiments, a method of judging two water column separations in a pipeline and calculating the boosting pressure are put forward. By using the momentum theorem and the elastic water column theory of water hammer calculation, the calculation formula of the heave pressure in the case of equal and unequal water column velocities at both ends of the cavity is deduced.

This paper selected 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze economic belt as research areas, and interregional differences & spatial correlations of their overall, industrial and agricultural water intensity were measured. The results show that the intensity of water resource consumption decreases significantly in all provinces and cities, but the intensity of water resource consumption decreases slightly. The variation coefficient of the total water resource consumption intensity of provinces and cities is relatively stable, while the inter-regional difference of agricultural water resource consumption intensity is increasing, and the industrial sector shows a trend of first increase and then decrease. The spatial correlation between total and agricultural water resource consumption intensity was significant but decreased year by year, while there was no significant spatial correlation between industrial water resource consumption intensity. The study suggests that the strictest water resource management system should be further implemented to strictly control the total amount and intensity of water resource consumption in the Yangtze river economic belt. China should promote industrial transformation and upgrading, encourage the development of advanced industries such as new and high technology industries, and establish a synergy mechanism and a reasonable compensation mechanism for the use of water resources in the Yangtze River economic belt.

National fragility can reflect a country's level of development, potential wind risks, and is crucial for the country to formulate future development strategies. This paper uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process to establish a fragility evaluation index system based on social factors, economic factors, political factors, and climate factors, and obtains the weight values of the four factors. It uses the Likert five-point method to predict the degree of national stability, and then analyzes the country's Fragility index. The analysis shows that climate factors have a large weight and are uncontrollable factors, which have an important impact on the country's fragility. Taking Bangladesh as an example to analyze the impact of climate change on the country's fragility, analyze the total score of the country's stability assessment when climate factors are not considered and considering climate factors. The results show that the degree of national fragility in Bangladesh is affected by climatic factors. Larger. This study will provide relevant evidence for the analysis and application of national fragility assessment.

In view of the new characteristics of the coal and gas outburst disaster of single serious outburst dangerous coal seam in the deep mining area of Fengcheng mining area, the article puts forward regional outburst prevention measures of unloading pressure by pre driving rock roadway and constructing wear layer drilling to pump coal roadway strip gas, a complete set of technical system of regional outburst prevention in coal roadway strip by pre driving and unloading floor roadway in the Fengcheng mining area is obtained. The field practice shows that after entering the deep mining stage, under the conditions of high stress, high gas, high temperature and low permeability, the situation of outburst occurrence is more and more serious, and the mechanism is more complicated, although coal roadway of B4 coal seam has taken the measure of construction of drilling for pre pumping gas along B4 coal seam, but the damage of the high ground stress has not been completely eliminated, the proportion of in-situ stress dominated outburst is increased. Regional outburst prevention is carried through pre driving of floor roadway layout in the rang of 8∼12m which just below the coal roadway to carry on the pressure relief combined with crossing drilling drainage gas, it can greatly improve the permeability of coal seam and the effect of pressure relief, and ensure the safe and fast roadway driving.

The prediction of regional outburst risk is an important guarantee to strengthen the pertinence and effectiveness of the outburst prevention measures and improve the economic benefits of the mine. Based on the analysis of the law of gas occurrence in working face, this paper puts forward the method of predicting regional outburst risk with gas content as the prediction index, determines the critical value of the index, and using this method to predict outburst risk in working face. The field practice shows that the gas content method based on the results of regional prediction and pertinence of outburst prevention measures, reduce the outburst prevention drilling engineering quantity, the regional gas control to reduce costs, the production time is shortened, precision achieved mine outburst prevention, good results have been achieved, the method is applied in the coal mine.

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing in light of clear evidence that some content in this article have been taken from another source (Xiao P 2018 'Laboratory study heterogeneity impact on microscopic residual oil distribution in tight sandstone cores during CO2 immiscible flooding', https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15567036.2019.1582732) without permission or reference. In line with the Committee for Publication Ethics (COPE) this has been investigated in accordance with COPE guidelines and it was agreed the article should be retracted.

Retraction published: 16 June 2021