Table of contents

Preface

From November 2nd till 4th, 2018, the 2018 International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Disaster Prevention (ICCADP 2018) was successfully held in Hefei, China. It was hosted by the School of Civil Engineering of Anhui Jianzhu University and co-organized by Guangdong Academy of International Academic Exchange.

The aim of the conference was to promote research and studies in the field of construction engineering and disaster prevention and encourage scientific information interchange and communication among researchers.

ICCADP 2018 provided all the participants with an excellent opportunity to present their research results to major areas of civil engineering, architecture, building materials and engineering management and disaster prevention, etc. And it intimidated discussions on the topics that of interest to the Conference participants. More than 150 papers were selected to go through a strict double blinded peer reviewed process. In turn, these selected papers were published by IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES).

List of Photos are available in this PDF.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

A hybrid model is used to simulate the characteristics of the rubber bearing, which can accurately reflect the vertical stiffness properties. In this paper, the analysis method nonlinear seismic response of isolated high-rise building (IHRB) was described by a case study in high seismic intensity region. In addition, accurate simulation of horizontal mechanical characterisitcs of rubber bearing and influence analysis of different ratio of the tensile to compressive stiffness (RTCS) of rubber bearing were conducted. The results show that the RTCS have slight effect on the compressive stress of the rubber bearing, the axial force of the piers, and the acceleration at the top of the building, but has significant influence on the tensile stress of the rubber bearing and axial force of the frame column and cannot be neglected. Moreover, with the increase in the RTCS, the axial force of the frame column at each floor decreases. The larger RTCS will underestimates the axial force on the frame column under the rare earthquake. As the RTCS is reduced, the rubber bearing is less prone to tension, but the large RTCS will overestimates the tensile stress of the bearing under the rare earthquake. When the RTCS is smaller than 1:6, it has a slight effect on the veritcal seismic response of the IHRB.

The problem of negative skin friction has acquired great importance for the circles of civil engineering over that last few decades. It aims to understand the mechanisms of pile-soil interaction, define more adequate analytic methods for the load transferand and ensure the bearing capacity of pile foundation. But for the complexity of problems, there are some issues that have not been well solved in engineering practice.In order to avoid the failure of pile body, the uneven settlement of pile foundation and other engineering disasters, the researches of downdrag have been carried out since 1965. And engineers have proposed a number of calculation formulas for the downdrag of single pile, yet the calculation results differ sharply on account of the respective applicability and limitation of these formulas.This paper introduces several common calculation methods of downdrag on single pile and recommends diverse calculation situations in self-weight collapsible loess area. In this paper, some calculation methods based on limit analysis method will be compared from different angles and the applicable conditions, advantages and disadvantages, etc. are also discussed to provide reference for practical engineering design.

Aimed at obtaining the influence laws of parameters on the simulation results with the finite element method, this paper research on these parameters. The results show that the hourglass mode, time step and the coefficient of friction have great influence on the simulation result. Finally, the general effects of these parameters on the simulation results are obtained.

Slope stability and reinforcement measures of an earth-rock cofferdam on deep overburden foundation are studied in the paper. Slope stability is analysed by using FEM strength reduction method, considering seepage, based on ABAQUS. Two different reinforcement measures are taken: vibro-replacement stone columns and concrete anti-sliding piles. As a result of the research, conclusions are made: overflow happens on the slope near bottom of the foundation pit in layer Q^al-1, where permeability coefficient is quite large compared to that of other layers; Both the vibro-replacement stone columns and concrete anti-sliding piles increase the stability; Vibro-replacement stone columns should be used as the final reinforcement measure, since vibro-replacement stone columns can be constructed before the foundation pit excavation and they can also conduce to drainage in foundation pit. This deep overburden foundation is characterized by complex geological conditions and poor mechanical properties. Therefore, the successful construction of the project has a certain reference and application value.

The Brazil disk test is carried out for thin layered rock with different thickness by numerical simulation method, with the load and AE data of samples analyzed.The following are some findings: (1) When the thickness of a single layer of layered rock increases, its tensile strength does not simply increase. Instead, they roughly show a U-shaped relationship. (2) Layered rock's load-displacement curve is multimodal. (3) Shear rupture occurs at the upper and lower ends of the disk, tensil and mixed rupture occurs more frequently in the middle of the disk. (4) There are three stages of of interacting cracks' coalescence: initial crack and the secondary fracture generate, then they interact and extend, lastly coalesce.

Loess is a special scholar soil accumulated and formed in the arid and semiarid conditions of Quaternary. Its hydraulic properties are collapsibility caused by water invasion, easy to disintegrate when it meets water, easy to be carried away by soil particles under the action of flowing water, forming landform phenomena such as collapse and gully. Such diseases as subsidence, collapse and erosion occur frequently for subgrade in collapsible loess area when it is scoured by water immersion. It is a difficult challenge for subgrade engineering to meet the very strict post construction settlement requirements of high speed railways in the process of high-speed rail construction. This paper combines experimental research and engineering examples. For the difficulties encountered in the treatment of collapsible loess foundation, a systematic and comprehensive analysis is made to deal with the measures. The application is introduced from design plan of construction technology, construction quality control and so on. It can provide reference for similar engineering problems in the future highspeed rail construction.

Indoor acoustic emission tests can be used to obtain acoustic emission characteristics and damage evolution rules under uniaxial compression conditions during the damaging process of soil body. Soil damage is characterized by ringing acoustic emission count by analyzing the variation relation between AE parameters and stress. The results show that the acoustic emission distribution can be classified into 3 different stages. Starting from the time domain, the coupling relation between the cumulative acoustic emission ring-down count and strain is derived, which is based on the time parameter as an intermediate variable. Further, the coupling relation between the cumulative acoustic emission ring-down count and stress and damage is deduced, which is based on distribution of the Weibull damage constitutive model. Results indicated that theory curves and test dates matched well. Proved by the test data, the precision of constitutive model is higher, which can provide accurately the basis for soil damage assessment.

With the construction of large bridges in the deep sea, people are paying more and more attention to stability of bridge piles. The deep sea-bridge could be affected by many factors, and the force mechanism is very complicated. In this paper, the Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao Bridge navigation hole steel composite pile is used as the prototype pier. We establish 1:7.33 scale model and the same proportion of RC pile by analysis software, and make a comparison under compression, bending and shear load. Analysis results shows that pipe can improve the mechanical properties of core concrete and reduce the displacement of structure. The seismic response time history analysis of two kinds of structure shows that steel composite pile has larger lateral stiffness, smaller lateral displacement and better seismic performance.

From the perspective of structural effectiveness and technology of damping control, this paper comprehensively reviews the research on the energy dissipation and damping control of suspension bridges by domestic and foreign scholars, including damper application, central buckle application and other application measures, which provides reference for the further development of similar research in the future. More and more application of energy dissipation and damping measures in long-span suspension bridges will certainly stimulate the development of this field. It will become an inevitable trend to pay attention to the shock absorption of long-span bridges.

This research introduces the soil buildings' foundation of geological structure in Liaodong Peninsula and the building foundation type. It shows that there is a cosine changing of the distribution of the temperature field on an annual cycle, and a temperature changing lag exists for the different depth of foundation. Based on the law of frozen depth of foundation, the frozen procedures can be divided into four stages. Based on the observation data, the cathode surface temperature is positively correlated with both the frost heave quantity and the frozen depth. In addition, to reduce the observation cost and the measure difficulty, the frost heave quantity can be obtained through the observation of the frozen depth.

The MTS-Landmark 370.10 test system is used to carry out low temperature conventional triaxial tests on frozen sand at a temperature of -7 ° C and the confining pressures of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 4, and 8 MPa. The test results show that the deviation stress-axial strain relationship curves of frozen sand are strain softening type, which can be divided into three stages: linear, nonlinear and strain softening. The modified Duncan-Chang model proposed by Lai et al. is used to describe the constitutive relation of frozen sand. The fitting results show that the model has good applicability and high fitting precision.

In this paper, the external prestressing method is used to reinforce a prestressed concrete curved girder bridge. The calculation and analysis model of external prestressing reinforcement is established. The alignment of external prestressing tendons and the tension control stress are studied. The reasonable alignment of external prestressing tendons and the parameters of tension control stress are given. The results show that when two steering blocks are set at one-fourth span and three-quarters span to control the alignment and the prestress value outside the curved girder bridge is 25%-35% larger than that inside the bridge, not only the bearing capacity and stiffness requirements can be met, but also the torque produced by the main girder under the external load can be effectively reduced.

To cope with soil strength problems, reinforcements have been used to improve soil engineering properties. This project uses polyurethane Leather (PU) as a reinforcement material to improve sand strength. Shear strength for reinforced wet sand has been measured and compared with the shear strength in dry condition. The direct shear tests have been conducted to measure the effects of PU leather orientations and quantities on shear strength of wet sand. The triaxial tests have been used to investigate the effects of PU leather contents on shear strength of wet sand as addition tests. Both of test results from either direct shear test or triaxial shear test proved that shear strength in wet sand can be increased due to the reinforcement of soil with PU Leather. Hence, PU Leather is a promising material, which can be used into soil reinforcement to improve the shear strength and other properties of soil.

Both AGI high-density electrical method and EH4 magnetotelluric method are currently used in the field of engineering geophysical exploration with relatively satisfactory results. By combining AGI and EH4 detection methods and co-applying them in the geological exploration of the open pit slope of metal mine, the advantages of high-density electrical method such as strong anti-interference ability, high precision of shallow survey, large depth of EH4 detection and wide coverage can be effectively combined. In this way, the abnormal geological structure of the mine slope site is detected more accurately, and it is concluded that there are two groups of large fault structures in the western slope of this mining area. And the structural belt is wide, the water-rich area is large and the depth is deep, which has adverse effects on the overall stability of the mine slope, and also provides guarantee for the follow-up mining design and safety production.

This paper analyses the interaction between a semi-cylindrical hill and a shallow buried fixed rigid cylindrical inclusion under SH wave. The whole calculation model includes two regions. Firstly the displacement solutions that satisfy the boundary conditions in two regions are constructed by the complex variable method. Then a set of infinite algebraic equations for the problem can be obtained by the boundary condition of the fixed rigid inclusion and that of the public boundary of two regions. And to illustrate the interaction between the semi-cylindrical hill and the shallow buried fixed rigid cylindrical inclusion, the variation of both the surface displacements of the hill and the dynamic response of the inclusion with different parameters are provided. The numerical results show that the existence of fixed rigid inclusion significantly reduces the displacement amplitude of the semi-cylindrical hill.

Taking stoping safety of large-span working face in a coal mine in Shanxi as the background, the damage and movement law of overlying strata structure in coal roadways under the influence of mining are studied. Combined with the actual production of the mine, the mining pressure characteristics of the working face and the influence range of mining in the working face are mastered. Main research contents and conclusions are that: (1) Numerical simulation of roadway stability is carried out using UDEC software, stimulating the stress and strain variation of surrounding rock under unsupported state. Based on this, the roadway support parameters are simulated and optimized, which provides valuable reference for practical engineering. (2) Study the simplified design process of bolt support parameters, improve the accuracy of bolt support parameters and reduce the cost of coal mine support to increase the incidence of coal mine roof accidents, providing a basis for coal mine safety production.

Based on the Biot's dynamic consolidation equation, the individual contributions of these two compression waves in vertical vibration of water-saturated soils are analyzed. The equation belong to displacements of solid skeleton is established by using the decoupling of dynamic equation which is combined with boundary conditions to derive an analytic solution about displacements of solid skeleton under the excitation of the individual contributions of these two waves. And then, displacements of pore fluid and pressure of pore water under the excitation of the individual contributions of these two waves are obtained on the basis of that analytic solution. The attenuation of these two types of compression waves influenced by pore permeability is examined.And it should be mentioned that the contribution of the second compression wave is the main consideration when permeability coefficient is large.On the contrary,the contribution of different compression wave should be considered on the different soil column height when permeability coefficient is small.

An analytical solution for chloride ions bilateral diffusion within concrete was developed based on Fourier transform method, by taking into account the bilateral diffusion and time-dependent chloride diffusion coefficient. The accuracy and applicability of the proposed analytical solution were validated by the field data after 10 years. Analysis results show that the ERFC is not suitable for solving chloride ions bilateral diffusion within concrete slabs exposed to the natural submerged environment. The proposed solution is in good accuracy to simulate the chloride concentration distribution within concrete in field site.

Xi'an ancient city wall is a national key cultural relics protection units and the most completely preserved ancient city wall building in China. In recent years, the increase of wall cracks has seriously affected the overall performance of the wall, which is in dire need of professional maintenance. Through monitoring the present situation of 21st horse wall cracks, the damage factors and failure mechanism is analyzed in detail. The reinforcement method of steel pipe cast-in-place pile and lime soil compaction pile is proposed based on the existing problems to prevent the expansion of the cracks and maximized preserve the original architecture cultural style, which has reference significance for the protection of ancient building.

Reservoir geological modelling is indispensable to the fine description of reservoir. The geological models can be combined with related technologies such as spatial information management, geological interpretation, geostatistics, spatial analysis and prediction, and physical content analysis. It can quantitatively characterize the various characteristic parameters of the reservoir, the basic geometric shape of the geologic body and the distribution of the data. The application of logging technology is very extensive, and the analysis and processing of logging data are very important for stratigraphic division, lithology analysis, and oil-water layer identification. In this paper, the well logging data of the Huaziping area in the oilfield is used as the object, and the geological modeling and geologic characteristics and the evaluation of the oil and gas layers are studied through geological modeling. Thereby achieving the guiding role of further development and utilization of the reservoir.

This study optimized a building structure braced with shear walls using the CAFE software. First, the position of shear walls and initial design of shear wall thickness were decided. Preliminary analysis was conducted using the ETABS (extended 3D analysis of building systems) software to confirm the feasibility of the initial design. Subsequently, the influence of beam–column elements and shear walls on structural mechanics was explored. Next, this study proposed the optimal and most economical design of the structure of the building braced with shear walls. Finally, the relationship between the seismic resistance and optimization was identified.

With the rapid development of economy, heavy metal pollution has brought serious harm to the engineering construction in expansive soil area. The Experimental study are to further reveal its physical and mechanical properties, and better guide the engineering practice. The effects of heavy metal ion concentration on compaction, permeability and unconfined compressive strength of expansive soils were studied by preparing 3 different concentrations of Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ polluted expansive soils in Nanyang city of Henan Province. The results show that with the increase of heavy metal ion concentration, the maximum dry density and permeability coefficient of contaminated soil increase, and the optimum water content and unconfined compressive strength decrease. At the same heavy metal ion concentration, lead-contaminated soil has a higher permeability coefficient and less unconfined compressive strength than zinc-contaminated soil. Compared with the lead contaminated soil, the maximum dry density of the dyed soil is larger and the optimal water content is smaller. The change of the dry density has a significant effect on the permeability coefficient, and the larger the dry density, the smaller the permeability coefficient. It can be seen that heavy metal pollution can change the physical and mechanical properties of expansive soil.

Based on the equivalent annular band-shaped drain, and considering the vacuum preloading and the variation of radial permeability coefficient of the smeared soil zone, the mathematical model is established. An analytic method is used to derive the general solution for the consolidation of vertical drain based on equivalent annular and arbitrary variation of load with time. Based on the general solutions, the detailed closed-form solutions are further derived for the cases of instantaneously loading and linear loading. Based on the closed solution, the calculation program is compiled and the consolidation curves of the vacuum preloading shaft foundation based on the annular equivalent are drawn. The results show that the equivalent annular consolidation rate is less than that given by the equivalent circumference. With the increase of the area reduction coefficient, the consolidation rate of the equivalent annular approaches to the consolidation rate of the equivalent circumference. With the decrease of the permeability coefficient of the vertical drain, the influence of the permeability coefficient on the consolidation rate is weakened. The dissipation rate of pore water under instantaneous load is greater than that of linear pore water dissipation.

Earthwork construction brings many phenomena like the destruction of the natural structure of the land, the damage of the surface vegetation and soil exposed etc. These phenomena result in numerus environmental problems, such as dust pollution and soil erosion. Therefore, during the period of earthwork construction, it is practically meaningful to implement the concept of Green Construction, establish a scientific evaluation system for Green Construction, evaluate the Green Construction degree of each construction plan. This paper use two concepts, Value Engineering Theory and Analytic Hierarchy Process to create a Green Construction evaluation system basing on Value Engineering. Furthermore, the paper takes the earthwork of transportation and leveling construction for a real the large-scale grid conversion station as an example to illustrate the method of calculating the value coefficient of each Green Construction project and the decision optimization process for multiple value coefficient based construction schemes.

There are many factors influencing the ultimate bearing capacity of pile foundation in karst development area. The current design method usually adopts a large safety factor, which inevitably leads to an increase in engineering cost and a prolonged period. Grey theory is a kind of mathematical theory based on known information. It can describe the change law of unknown information by generating and developing some known information. Based on the above characteristics, combined with numerical simulation results, the effects of aspect ratio and karst scale on the ultimate bearing capacity of bridge piles are studied by using grey theory. The results show that the ultimate bearing capacity of piles increases with the increase of aspect ratio, and decreases with the increase of karst scale. The degree of influence of karst scale is larger than that of aspect ratio. Grey theory can better reflect the variation of ultimate bearing capacity of pile foundation under aspect ratio and karst scale, and the error between calculation result and numerical simulation result is about 9%. The grey theory can be applied to the estimation of the ultimate bearing capacity of bridge piles.

In order to study the influence of initial gravity field on slope stability analysis under the conditions of slope height, slope angle and soil bulk density, some slope examples are analyzed by combining finite element method and shear strength reduction method. The calculation results show that the initial gravity field has a great influence on the slope displacement and shear stress. But this effect has nothing to do with the slope height, slope angle or soil bulk density, but has little effect on the slope stability safety factor. The relevant results can be used by engineers and technicians for reference in slope design.

Based on the model test data and the numerical simulation method, the characteristics of rigid piles under large displacement are studied in this paper. The results show that the bending moment of the pile has a linear growth in the cantilever segment, when the distance from the top of the pile is greater than 0.7m, the increasing trend of the pile's bending moment gradually slows down, the bending moment of the pile becomes the maximum when the distance from the top of the pile is 1.1m, and the bending moment tending to 0 near the bottom of pile. In the case of large displacement, the soil in front of the pile shows obvious plastic yielding, and the soil resistance of the pile is no longer linearly increased with the increase of load.

In order to analyze the stability and optimize the project of soil nailing engineering for expansive soil slope, the calculation formulas for unsaturated soils strength, soil nailing surface bond strength, and nail withdraw strength was deduced based on the Mohr-Coulomb strength formula and national regulations. The sliding resistance of the soil nailing was taken into consideration based upon the Bishop slice method; Calculating models on soil nailing expansive soil slope stability analysis was designed; The influence of fissure, rain infiltration, and soil nailing on the expansive soil slope stability were also taken into account. Based on engineering example, fixed slope soil parameter and according soil nailing parameter, the influential factors were analyzed by changing soil nails inclination, installation position, and length. As it was demonstrated by engineering example, the methods and corresponding calculating procedure were reasonable for stability analysis and design optimization for soil nailing expansive soil slope. It is of certain engineering application value.

With the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) experiment and numerical simulation on Russian Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv carried out, the dynamic mechanical properties of the pine wood at high strain rates were researched, and the relevant constitutive models was analyzed. The experiment results suggested that the dynamic mechanical properties of the pine wood were affected by strain rates and wood directions. The stress-strain relationship was mainly influenced by wood directions, but the initial yield stress was related to strain rates and wood directions. When the load was along the straight grain direction, fracture behaviors were caused by shear damage and fiber tensile fracture. The specimens were broken into 'crushed' pieces because of fiber and lignin separation, and fiber kink. However, it was chief role for the fracture in transverse grain direction that failure cracks grew down fiber. The dynamic responses described with model based on improved Hashin failure criterion were consistent with actual results, compared with model based on the Hill yield criterion. Related research work provides a certain reference for the related problems research and engineering practice application of Russian Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.

In this paper, a failure of conductive rod of GIS outlet bushing is analyzed from the connection form, welding quality and microstructure of conductive rod and flange, and it is concluded that the failure of conductive rod is caused by bad welding quality and improper assembly and transportation.

Through the research on the current situation of the popularization and application of BIM technology in China, it is found that its penetration rate is still very low compared with developed countries. With the five main factors affecting the speed of dissemination of new technologies, and based on China's social structure, economic development level and social and cultural trends, the important factor of the use cost is introduced, so as to analyze the obstacles of BIM diffusion in China. Finally, some feasible suggestions are made for these obstacles.

The static bending test of 5 concrete trabeculas cut from two large prefabricated members is carried out, and the parameters such as reinforcement ratio and deflection of longitudinal reinforcement are studied, and the mechanical characteristics of the members and the bearing capacity of the normal section are analyzed in combination with the current code, cracks and deflection. The results show that: (1)The stress characteristics of cut trabeculae are the same as those of ordinary reinforced concrete beams, and the average strain of concrete keeps plane along the section; (2)Tthe deflection of longitudinal tendons and the reinforcement ratio of upper longitudinal tendons have no significant effect on the bearing capacity of members; (3) The maximum crack width and the average crack spacing are in agreement with the calculated values of the code, which can be calculated according to the current code; (4)Tthe crack width and deflection meet the requirements of the current code.

In order to detect and comprehensively evaluate the wall compressive strength of the in-service shaft lining, the laboratory test and the on-site ultrasonic-rebound comprehensive method are used to test the compressive strength of the concrete wall in the main inclined shaft of a coal mine. The results show that the result value in laboratory test of the wall concrete block is 35.3MPa, and the average value by the rebound method is 40.57MPa, while the estimated value detected by the ultrasonic-rebound method is 34.3MPa; The results by laboratory test, rebound method and ultrasonic-rebound comprehensive method are comparatively analyzed, and through comprehensive analysis, the test results by the ultrasonic-rebound comprehensive method have higher confidence, with the estimated value likely closer to the actual strength and meeting the testing requirements; The test results could provide data support for the stability and safety assessment of the shaft wall.

As part of the infrastructure to facilitate tourist activities, the architecture for scenic tours is a key component of the landscape in scenic spots. The design and construction quality of such architecture has an important impact on tourist satisfaction. Through psychophysical methods and environment preference theory, this work conducts visual evaluation and analysis for a certain amount of the architecture for scenic tours in an attempt to locate the main factors of influencing public preference of such architecture and to better guide future design and construction of such architecture. In addition, this work combines the architectural design concepts and institutions of American and Taiwan national parks to propose a design policy of the architecture for scenic tours at the institutional level. The policy serves as management and policy-making reference for the administrative department for scenic tours.

The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the strategy of rural revitalization, and rural tourism will be more effective and further developed. Dujiangyan City is a tourist city. The healthy and sustainable development of tourism is of vital importance to Dujiangyan City, and the world cultural heritage of Qingcheng Mountain-Dujiangyan is one of the important supports for the development of tourism in Sichuan Province. Based on the spatial distribution and transportation network of tourism resources in Dujiangyan City, this article uses 91 Weitu, ArcGIS and other software to quantitatively analyze the spatial structure and the convenience of tourism transportation network of the main tourist attractions (points) in Dujiangyan City, and finds the development problems the city is facing. Combined with the realistic basis and strategic needs of tourism development in Dujiangyan City, this paper puts forward optimization measures, which can provide a theoretical basis for Dujiangyan City tourism development and realize the coordinated and sustainable development of tourism.

Super-tall building may cause the severe pedestrian level wind problems. In past studies, the characteristics of pedestrian level wind around isolated super-tall building had been investigated. The maximum wind speed and high wind speed zones usually appeared near the corner of buildings. However, in practice, the super-tall building always has the podium for commercial and public services, such as shopping malls, parking lots and entertainment places. The podium may change the flow field near the ground around the super tall building. Thus, a series of wind-tunnel tests were carried out in this study to investigate the podium effects on pedestrian level wind around the super-tall buildings. It was found that the super-tall building with a low rise podium shown the better behaviour on pedestrian level wind than the isolated super-tall building.

Through collecting, sorting and analyzing the domestic and foreign references of self-healing concrete research, this paper has summarized the experimental research methods and results of different types of self-healing concrete in recent years, and expounded the mechanism of its action. Self-healing concrete types include self-healing concrete based on concrete itself, self-healing concrete based on permeable crystal repair technology, self-healing concrete based on shape memory alloy, self-healing concrete based on bionic self-repair and self-healing concrete based on microbial. Finally, the existing problems of self-healing concrete are put forward, and the shortcomings of self-healing concrete need to be further strengthened.

In order to study the bending resistance of grouted micro circular steel tube, pure bending tests on 9 grouted steel tubes were carried out with different grouting materials and three kinds of diameter steel tube. Through the analysis of deflection, surface strain and internal steel bar strain during the test, the deformation characteristics and load-strain relationship of members under load are studied. The ultimate bending capacity and bending stiffness test results are compared with the calculated values of different codes. The results show that the ultimate bearing capacity calculated by different codes is quite different from the test results, and the calculated values of Fujian Provincial Standard DBJ13-51-2010 are in good agreement with the test results and are safe. The bending stiffness at the initial stage calculated by different codes and the bending stiffness at the service stage are also quite different from the test results. The calculation results of AIJ (2002) are in good agreement with the test results and can be used for design calculation after revision.

For an EPC project, the design of quotas is critical. BIM technology visibility, simulation, optimization and coordination, etc, as a transformative production tool have a profound effect on construction project cost accounting process. BIM can effectively improve the reliability of construction production process cost calculation. Fuzzy analytical hierarchy method is a quantitative weight calculation method, which can effectively reduce the subjective deviation. Besides, this method can quantify the thinking and experience of experts, and have high computational accuracy. In this paper, Fuzzy analytical hierarchy method and the BIM was combined. The various professional design target was determined by FAHP method. Based on BIM, the professional design scheme of each stage was analyzed to meet the design quota target.

The object of this work was to improve fire resistant window's testing accuracy. Firstly, the backgrounds of twist degree of fire resistant window were reviewed according to GB 16809. Secondly, the main problems and suggestions were summarized including test platform's fixing, hardware's installing and height ruler's operating. Thirdly, other potential problems were also analyzed as a supplement. More accurate twisting degree could be measured on the base of these suggestions. Further study should focus on relative standards' revision.

In this paper, based on the initial defects of different sizes in the middle of concrete cover, the corrosion cracking time of the steel with the initial defect in the middle part of the steel was studied by means of the method of electrified accelerated corrosion from an experimental point of view. The results show that the size of the actual initial defect in the concrete cover is the key factor to control the cracking time in chloride environment. Reducing the crack size is helpful to improve the durability of the whole structure. The severity of corrosion expansion and cracking time of concrete cover can be ranked as follows: thickness of concrete cover > diameter of steel > size of initial defect.

In view of the problems existing in the filled wall system of the frame structure at present and combining with the technical requirements of the prefabricated building pushed by the state, this paper puts forward a kind of prefabricated infilled wall system with hollow thermal insulation. The main research contents include the structural design of the prefabricated infilled wall, the connection design between the infilled wall and frame beam and column, and the construction technology research of the prefabricated infilled wall system, which makes the fabricated infilled wall system studied have good insulation, heat insulation and sound insulation performance, as well as good seismic performance, thus possessing applicable value in engineering.

In the context of environmental issues, financial instability, high mortgage and other issues, more and more people have to choose the tiny house. Tiny house movement is a return to houses of less than 1000 square feet (93 m²). Frequently the distinction is made between small (between 400 square feet (37 m²) and 1,000 square feet (93 m²)), and tiny houses (less than 400 square feet (37 m²)), with some as small as 80 square feet (7.4 m²). According to the general sense of residential, the comfort for a tiny house is difficult to ensure. Due to limitations conditions be the narrow land, constriction and occlusion sense is very strong, so "psychological comfort", which is about people's feeling, from "physiological comfort", which is about the architectural area, should be priority. This paper analyzes the tiny house's window area of the living rooms, by studying on 36 living rooms in tiny houses. All of these subjects are published in 4 books about "tiny house" around a journal named Jutakutokushu from 2006 to 2015. Through this study, several elements for a comfortable tiny house's living room are grasped.

In order to repair construction rapidly, according to the different proportion, ordinary Portland cement and sulphur alumínate cement(SAC) are used to make up composite cementitious materials, the setting time, strength and deformation of composite system are researched to satisfy the special requirement of fast repair. Test results show that composite cementitious materials have superior performance in various aspects when the SAC is 15%, on the basis of this benchmark ratio mixed with proper amount of polypropylene fiber, high efficiency water reducing agent and mineral admixtures, composite cementitious mortar can be made out with a short setting time, good workability and high strength.

The structural characteristics of siphon wells are important parameters to determine the good operation of siphon wells. Based on the engineering data of a power plant and combined with the physical model test of hydraulic characteristics, considering the hydraulic characteristics, the foam pollution and the engineering cost, this design can avoid the defects of simple theoretical calculation and has a strong reference value.

Through quasi-static test of six different steel box column-beam irregular joint models, the behaviors including the axial load level and columns stiffness level, the hysteretic curve, failure mechanism were analyzed. Some mechanical performances of steel irregular joint such as ductility, ultimate bearing capacity, energy dissipation were studied. The results indicate that the steel box column-beam irregular joint has good seismic performance and energy dissipation capacity. The ductility coefficient is between 2.02 and 2.66, satisfying the requirements of plastic ultimate deformation. Steel irregular joint has stronger energy dissipation capacity. Energy dissipation in the small core area of panel zone plays key roles in energy dissipation of the specimen. It is helpful for further study of the mechanical performance of the steel box column-beam irregular joint.

Based on concrete creep mechanics and finite element method, the key influence factors of creep and shrinkage are analysed numerically to evaluate the long-term mechanical properties of the steel-concrete composite beams. A constraint coefficient is adopted to judge the constraint degrees of the steel beam in the composite beam. Finite element analyses are conducted on 8 kinds of sections in the composite beams with different constraint degrees. The analyses indicate the axial and bending rigidities increase with the section height of the steel beam, which lead to an increase in both constraint degrees and distributed internal forces. The final internal forces of the concrete slab decrease and the internal forces of the steel beam increase, that is, the reduced internal forces in the concrete slab are transferred to the steel beam. The variations of deflections also increase with the constrain degrees, which show the same trend when the increase of constraints. It can be seen that the constraint degrees of the steel beam in the concrete are the key influence factors that cause stress redistribution and deformation change of the composite beams.

To solve welding process optimization of the complex box structure with spatial weld seam distribution, the finite element model is established in this study. The accuracy of the model is verified by the detection of the key position. As the characteristics of the process, the welding sequence is used to optimize the welding process. The results show that the maximum value is 1.714mm. The deformation near the two sides of the vertical plate is about 0.51mm. The deformation of the front and back Z plates is not consistent. There are 5 peaks in the strip, and the deformation ranges from 0.08mm to 0.12mm. The deformation comparison between the simulation and the measuredresult can meet the requirements of the engineering application and prove the correctness of the model. Through the optimization of the turning sequence, the deformation of the key position is reduced by 18.6%.By the optimization of the turning and the long-short weld seam, the deformation of the key position was reduced by 26.3%.By the sequence of the turning, the long-short and the key position weld seams optimized, the deformation is reduced by 34.6%. After the optimization of the sequence, the deformation range is between 0.1mm and 0.75mm.The average value is 0.36mm. The average value of welding deformation is at least 40.89% lower than that of the original process. The deformation of the key position controls below 1mm to achieve the implementation of the optimization plan expected that can effectively guide the production.

Concrete-filled steel tubular columns (CFST) have high bearing capacity, high stiffness and good ductility. The columns with rectangular section are more suitable for compression bending than round. However, its lateral binding force is small in the middle of the section, and local buckling is easy to occur.Stiffened Rectangular Concrete Filled Steel Tubular columns(SRCFST) are proposed to solve the problem that ordinary rectangular concrete filled steel tubular columns(RCFST) are prone to appear local buckling before reaching the limits of carrying capacity in 3 cases such as the thin steel tube wall, the larger diameter to thickness ratio or width to to thickness ratio. SRCFST are RCFST added with stiffening ribs, stiffening hoops and binding bars. By its set, the latera stiffness and the resistance ability of the local buckling of the steel tube are effectively enhanced, so the confinement effects of the steel tube to core concrete become stronger and more uniform. To compare the improved effects of SRCFST and RCFST with binding bars under eccentric compression, the paper compiles the solving procedure of the cross section grid unit method which can accurately solve the whole process curve of SRCFST under eccentric compression. The whole process curves show that the eccentric bearing capacity and ductility of SRCFST are obviously improved with respect to RCFST with binding bars.

Stiffened Square Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Columns (SSCFST) were proposed to solve the problem that ordinary square concrete-filled steel tubular columns (SCFST) are prone to appear local buckling and poor hysteresis performance before reaching the limits of carrying capacity in 3 cases such as the thin steel tubular wall, the larger diameter to thickness ratio or width to thickness ratio. In order to investigate its hysteresis behavior, based on introducing its basic concept, the manufacturing method was expounded, and the low cyclic loading tests of 15 SSCFST and 1 SCFST with binding bars were carried out. The author observed experimental phenomena, failure process and failure mode, then analyzed hysteresis loop area and energy dissipation of SSCFST columns under reciprocating loading, and discussed the effect of various factors to its anti-seismic behavior. Compared to SCFST with binding bars, SSCFST has superior anti-seismic performance.

Concrete-filled steel tubular columns (CFST) have high bearing capacity, high stiffness and good ductility. The columns with square or rectangular section are more suitable for compression bending than round. However, its lateral binding force is small in the middle of the section, and local buckling is easy to occur. Stiffened Square Concrete Filled Steel Tubular columns (SSCFST) are proposed to solve the problem that ordinary square concrete filled steel tubular columns(SCFST) are prone to appear local buckling before reaching the limits of carrying capacity in 3 cases such as the thinner steel tube wall, the larger diameter to thickness ratio or width to thickness ratio. SSCFST are SCFST added with stiffening ribs, stiffening hoops and binding bars. By its set, the lateral stiffness and the resistance ability of the local buckling of the steel tube are effectively enhanced, so the confinement effects of the steel tube to core concrete become stronger and more uniform. To compare the improved effects of SSCFST and SCFST with binding bars under eccentric compression, the paper compiles the solving procedure of the cross section grid unit method which can accurately solve the whole process curve of SSCFST under eccentric compression. The whole process curves show that the eccentric bearing capacity and ductility of SSCFST are obviously improved with respect to SCFST with binding bars.

This paper used a stage aeration anaerobic fluidized bed membrane bioreactor (AFMBR), combined the advantages of membrane bioreactor (MBR) and anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor (AFBR), put forward to add granular activated carbon (GAC) to make up for the deficiency of AFMBR process, and explored its impact on the process effect. At the same time, it was proposed to utilize the stage aeration to enhance the membrane flux, and to increase the residence time of organic pollutants in the facultative environment through the fluidized bed membrane bioreactor to improve the removal characteristics of organic pollutants in landfill leachate. The influence of aeration rate on the process effect was also investigated. Finally, the relationship between temperature and AFMBR treatment effect was briefly analyzed.

The extradosed bridge, which began in Japan in the early 1990s, started relatively late in China. The extradosed bridges have the characteristics of rigidity and flexibility, and it accords with the mechanics law of the structure. It has attached more attention and has widely application prospects. This paper first introduces some extradosed bridge built at home and abroad. And then by reviewing current researches about the extradosed bridge, it is found that the theoretical research on this bridge type is constantly emerging. The research results and engineering practice applications mainly focus on the line of main beam, construction control technology and mechanical behaviour research. Finally, it is concluded that the research on the bridge type can further explore and research in the preparation of special design codes, construction technical regulations, calculation theory of concrete shrinkage and creep effects and prestress loss.

Based on Nanjing honeycomb hotel, the management for the whole construction process was carried out through BIM technology and the project management cloud platform. The issues of the project were analyzed by modular design method, especially honeycomb curtain wall. The project from technology level was managed based on BIM models[1]. Cooperative work could be achieved through the project management cloud platform, so as to manage the project from the level of organization. And then, project management platform was integrated with BIM, to achieve the goals of meticulous management of the construction process.

Because of the space experiments of various countries, there are so many small pieces of debris in space, leading to the accident of spacecraft. Through AUTODYN software numerical analysis and SPH method, a numerical simulation study was carried out on the failure mode of the cylinder projectile impacting the double-layer ceramic target plate of aluminum alloy and boride base superhigh temperature composite ceramic at ultra high speed. The variation of perforation radius of the projectile against double target plate was obtained. The paper concludes that, in the failure mode of different mass projectiles striking double target plate, the total perforation radius of the second layer boride base superhigh temperature composite ceramic target increases first, then decreases and finally explodes.

The concept of BIM project group management comes from construction project group management, which is to coordinate and manage the project group aiming to achieve the goals and profits of the organization. According to the features of BIM projects, BIM project group management method and mode will be discussed in this paper.

Based on the SeismoStrcut model of full-scale, four-story, 2D infilled reinforced concrete frame, this paper set the infill walls at different locations in the structure to obtain vertical stiffness irregular frames with weak layer. The displacement response of different weak layer frames is studied by input the same seismic waves. The results show that the vertical stiffness of the infill wall frame structure will greatly affect the response and interlayer drift. The displacement of concrete frames contains weak-layers is lager than the common ones. When the bottom layer has no infill wall, the top displacement is larger than other cases. The presence of the infill wall can limit the interlayer deformation of the frame structure.

Taking an experimental comprehensive building project as an example, with BIM technology, an accurate virtual model of a building is digitally constructed. This model, known as a building information model, can be used for planning design construction, and operation of the facility. It helps architects, engineers, and constructors visualize what is to be built in a simulated environment to identify any potential design, construction, or operational issues. It explains the application value of BIM technology in engineering project, which indicates the application of BIM technology in engineering project is the trend of future development of construction industry.

Through the observation and judgment of rural dilapidated houses in yingshang County, by inductive statistics and analysis of data, the criteria for identification of rural dilapidated buildings are used to define rural areas with qualitative and quantitative criteria. The housing is divided into hazard levels, and the structural damage form of the house is pointed out. According to above materials, professional treatment suggestions are given to provide reference and reference for the identification of rural dilapidated buildings in the future.

The research carries pseudo-static test on 6m-span spatial arch truss specimen with three centers under vertical circle loading, and analysis on their failure process. The hysteretic loops, skeleton curves and stiffness deterioration is obtained. The experimental results showed that the failure of arch truss specimens starts buckling and cracking of lower chord, then the members gradually formed local cracking in this region, and finally the midspan with the greatest force cracking leads for the truss to form geometrical mechanism and collapse; When the structure fails, many members enter the plastic stage. The overall plastic deformation is large and the energy consumption performance is good.

The lifting of precast elements is an important process in precast concrete structure construction, which directly concerns the quality of the building products and the subsequent use of precast elements. Based on the construction codes at home and abroad and some former researches, this paper discusses the construction load value, calculation model and checking calculation contents of shear panel during lifting. Taking the lifting of a high-rise building precast shear panel as the engineering background, combined theoretical analysis with numerical calculation, this paper determines the construction load of the precast shear panel during lifting, checks the maximum tensile stress of concrete, reinforcement stress at the tension section and bending capacity of the section, contracts the lifting design of the two-point lifting and the three-point lifting. Therefore, the conclusion that the two-point lifting is more economical under the premise of ensuring the safety of the lifting point is obtained, and the checking and verification problem of the precast shear panel during lifting is solved.

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash is generated from domestic waste after incineration. Its high concentration of heavy metal salts can cause serious harm to the human body after water leaching, and it was classified as hazardous solid waste. This paper focused on the ratio of cementitious materials through orthogonal test and the effect of different content of fly ash on the mechanical properties in filling materials. It was found that upper limit of fly ash accounts was 60wt. % in cementitious materials, the compressive strength of the filling material after curing for 28 days was reached 3.34 MPa, completing the strength requirement of filling material, and the leaching concentration of cadmium was less thanthe limits specified in standards of drinking water quality. The XRD results showed that the hydration reaction of cementitious system mainly produces mineral phases such as ettringite and C-S-H gel. The porosity and adsorption of C-S-H gel lead to the inclusion of Cd²+. Part of Cd²+ was entered the ettringite lattice to replace the Ca²+, forming a large number of ettringite with Cd²+ in it.

An innovative vibration control structure system (Mega-Sub Controlled Structure System-MSCSS) is proposed and investigated based on the structural response control principle and structural construction theory. Unlike the conventional mega-frame structures (MFS), functional elements were applied in MSCSS so as to achieve effective structural response control.The focus of this study is to investigate the damper distribution of MSCSS under seismic actions. And the seismic energy analysis method was adopted to study elastoplastic properties of MSCSS.Finally, it was proved that MSCSS had better seismic performance by analyzing displacement response and energy dissipation of the structure. In addition, the distribution of dampers was further discussed for the purpose of achieving the best control effect.

Building simulation activities in different design stages are reviewed and discussed. This paper categorized the major purposes of building energy simulation with various modeling purposes for informed decisions at different design stages. Limitations and challenges in building performance simulation are analysed. From the practitioner point view for building designers and consultants, this paper proposed a holistic design and simulation strategy aiming for improvement or solutions in building simulation consulting, to better refine the design and consulting within the integrated design practice process for improving building energy performance in design, operation and management as the ultimate goal.

Based on the concept of multi-resolution morphological gradient (MMG) in mathematical morphology, a new scheme of single-ended transient protection is proposed. On the basis of MMG, the window function energy spectrum of the transient current signal generated by the fault is extracted to realize the identification of faults in the area and outside. A typical 500 kV EHV transmission line is selected and simulated by PSCAD/EMTDC. The results show that the scheme is not affected by fault type, fault location, transition resistance and initial phase angle. At the same time, the calculation amount of the algorithm is smaller than that of the multi-scale wavelet transform, which is beneficial to engineering implementation.

Experimental material was the waste platinum-rhenium catalyst; X diffraction was used to characterize the material, and the results showed that the main phase of the waste platinum-rhenium catalyst was Al₂O₃. The process of rhenium pressure oxygen leaching in platinum-rhenium catalyst with low acid was put forward. The effects of leaching pressure, leaching temperature, leaching time, initial acidity of sulfuric acid and liquid-solid ratio on the leaching rate of rhenium during leaching were investigated in this paper. The results showed that the initial acidity of sulfuric acid had a significant effect on the leaching rate of platinum and rhenium. As the acidity increased, the leaching rate of platinum and rhenium also increased, and the leaching rate of carrier Al₂O₃ also increased. The experimental results show that the leaching of the optimal process conditions were as follows: leaching pressure 5 MPa, leaching time 3h, leaching temperature 140 °C, the initial sulfuric acid concentration 10%, liquid-solid ratio 4:1, mixing speed 350 rpm. Under these conditions, the leaching rate of rhenium and platinum was 98.11% and 83.59% respectively, and the slag rate was 75.56%. In order to prevent platinum from dispersing, ferrous sulphate was added at the end of the leaching process to reduce the platinum into the leaching residue. This process has the advantages of simple operation, high rhenium leaching rate, less impurity elements in the leaching liquid and low acidity, etc., which can provide reference for rhenium extraction from the waste platinum-rhenium catalyst.

Based on the extended Debye model, the interface polarization branch is introduced to make the oil-paper insulation mixed polarization equivalent model more suitable for the actual polarization process. The mixed polarization equivalent model parameter identification method using frequency domain dielectric spectrum is studied. Firstly, the relationship between the frequency domain spectrum and the circuit parameters is derived based on the mixed polarization equivalent circuit. Secondly, the objective function of the equations for solving the multivariate parameters is established, and the artificial intelligence algorithm is used to solve the parameters. Finally, the method is used to verify the identification of the method. Feasibility and accuracy of mixed polarization equivalent model parameters. The calculation results show that the mixed equivalent model considering interface polarization can more accurately reflect the relaxation process of oil-paper insulation. Compared with the time domain dielectric spectrum parameter identification method, the identification method based on frequency domain dielectric spectrum has the advantages of simple solving process and accurate and reliable parameter calculation results.

By testing the compressive strength, tensile strength, permeability coefficient, carbonization depth and relative dynamic elastic modulus, the influence of fly ash and polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer on the performance of recycled concrete was studied. The mechanism of action of fly ash and polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer on concrete properties was also analyzed by SEM. The results indicate that the compressive strength, tensile strength, permeability coefficient relative and dynamic elastic modulus of recycled concrete are increased by 7.1%, 8.3%, 81.0% and 16.7% respectively, the carbonization depth decreased by 34.4%, when the cementitious materials is replaced by 20% (by mass) of fly ash and 1.2% (by mass) of polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer. Therefore, fly ash and polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer can effectively promote the hydration of cement particles and improve the pore structure of concrete along with the bond between cement paste and recycled aggregate in the interface transition zone, which is suitable for the preparation of high performance recycled concrete.

Due to the fuzziness and uncertainty of the transformer's insulation state by itself, when using the index to evaluate the insulation of oil paper transformers alone, the insulation state of transformers may appear contradictory and incompatible situations. This paper establishes evaluation models of extension theory to comprehensively evaluate the state of the oil-paper insulation transformers. Firstly, it establishes multilevel framework of the transformer and determines the weight coefficient of each index by means of extensive AHP; Then, this paper establishes the classical domain and joint domain of transformer's four kinds of matter-element models using large amounts of the measured data;Finally, using correlation function to determine the insulation state of transformers to be evaluated, this paper realizes the synthetic evaluation with the qualitative and quantitative combination for the transformer. The validity and feasibility of the method are proved by the example in this paper.

Although an indirect method is widely used to evaluate oil sorption capacity of fiber materials for remediating oily water, a direct method has recently been proposed. To compare two methods, we first studied the effect of extraction time, the accuracy and precision for the direct method. Similarly, precision of the indirect method and the underlying sources of error were also investigated. The minimal extraction time required for the direct method was found to be 180 min. The relative error of direct method was less than 2.61 %, its standard deviation was less than 1.60 %o, and its coefficient of variation was less than 0.313 %. The standard deviation of the indirect method was more than 55.1 %, and its coefficient of variation was more than 16 %. The error in the indirect method mainly came from the heterogeneity of oily water, which led to large, random differences between samples that could not be eliminated.

Considering the interaction between the electronegative nano-silica (NS) and cationic surfactant, this paper aims at studying the effect of NS modified by cationic surfactants with different chain length on emulsion behavior. These effects on emulsion behavior were investigated at two aspects: emulsion stability and rheological characteristics. Experimental results indicated that flocculation of nano-silica becomes easier with longer alkane chains. While the chain length increases within the studied concentration range, the threshold concentration of surfactants at which the intermediate phase emulsion appears decreases. For NS and DETAB together in dispersion, no phase inversion appeared. The NS surface hydrophilic-lipophilic balance was changed due to the enwind of the alkane chain. Longer alkane chain adsorbs on the NS surface and reaches saturation at the same surfactant concentrations more easily due to the different enwind degrees of alkane chains. It is suggested that the different surfactant chains had different enwind degrees on the liquid-liquid interface. Rheological experiments show that the emulsion has shear dilution and elasticity.

A new stress potential function is introduced, the non periodic plane problem in one-dimensional hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystals is discussed and the physical equation of the stress-strain relationship in the non periodic plane is constructed. The exact solution of the straight crack in the periodic direction of the one-dimensional hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystal is obtained. As an application, the problem of straight crack perpendicular to the direction of quasi-periodical in one-dimensional hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystal with long and narrow body is solved. When the width of the long body becomes infinitely large, the Griffith crack solution is obtained. The results show that the stress at the crack tip remains singularity, which is basically consistent with the crack problem that penetrates along the quasi periodic direction. When the phonon field and the phase field get to zero, the above analytical solution degenerates into the fracture problem of isotropic piezoelectric materials, the results are in agreement with the existing results.

In this paper, polyether diol (CASPOL1861 (V)), liquefied diphenylmethane diisocyanate (103C) and small molecular diol (CASPOL1905) were used as the main reaction materials to synthesize polyurethane template materials for the molding concrete. According to the requirements of polyurethane template materials on high strength, high elongation at break, moderate hardness, low water absorption rate and high alkali resistance, the effect of the types of the soft segments and the types of isocyanate on the mechanical properties, alkali hydrolysis resistance, water absorption, thermal properties and aging properties of the prepared polyurethane template materials were studied by characterizing the properties of polyurethane template materials by mechanical tests, TG, DSC, and other methods.

A water based ultra-thin fire resistive coating for steel structure was researched. The coating was coated on I40b I-beam with APP as the main flame retardant and titanium dioxide as filler. The full-scale fire resistance test was carried out according to the China standard GB 14907-2002. The results shows that the resistive of the water based steel structure fire resistive coating can reach 1.2h when the thickness is about 2mm. Related research shows that water based steel structure fire resistive coating can be used as an effective fire-resistant material for steel structure.

The intensification of global climate change, the increase in extreme weather, and the frequent occurrence of heavy rains have led to frequent flash flood disasters. The flash floods] is fast, the time of convergence is short, and the destructive power is strong, making it difficult to predict prevention, which poses a huge threat to the lives and property of the people living in the hilly areas. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to carry out flash flood disaster prevention and early warning. Taking the three natural villages in Luoning County of Henan Province as an example, we carried out the determination of early warning period of flash flood disaster and calculation of early warning index. The research results can provide scientific support for local flash flood disaster warning work and reduce the loss of people and property caused by flash flood disasters.

Safety Helmet comfort factor analysis is the foundation of safety helmet comfort design.This paper analyzes the characteristics of safety helmet comfort, adopts questionnaire investigation of safety helmet comfort requirements of each component system is analyzed, at the same time build the factors that affect safety helmet comfort level analysis model, and the various influence factors of safety helmet comfort of importance. The relevant research results can be used as the basis for the comfort design of the helmet.

At present, the hottest topic in the construction industry is non-building energy conservation. With the development of globalization, building energy conservation is constantly being implemented worldwide. Under the trend of environmental degradation and economic development, the construction industry is also constantly developing and improving, and building energy-saving technologies are also constantly applying innovation. However, in China, due to the large economic differences between regions, the development of construction technology between different regions is not balanced. This has led to that the implementation of building energy-saving technology in China must be adapted to local conditions, to consider the specific technology's pertinence and feasibility combined with the actual situation. Based on this, this paper firstly analyzes the current building energy-saving design, and then discusses the problems existing in modern building energy-saving design and the basic characteristics of suitable energy-saving design. At the same time, it analyzes the suitability of traditional local buildings and considers the suitability of local buildings. The environmental principles of the design, the technical principles of suitable energy-saving design in local buildings.

Arch dams are often built in deep and narrow canyons. The way of concrete transported is limited by the complex and limited space. Cable is the most common and main concrete vertical transportation equipment for arch dam. The operating efficiency of the cable is of great significance to the construction progress, construction period and cost control of the arch dam and the guarantee of construction quality. For the traditional management of concrete transportation process is often based on manual methods, lacking the detailed management of the key information of the cable operation process, which leads to the problem of the lack of effective control over the real-time operation efficiency of the cable and the safety status of the cable group, so a real-time monitoring and analysis method based on the Internet of Things is proposed to analyze the efficiency of each link of the cable operation, and to judge the safety distance of the cable group in real time. The analysis of engineering examples shows that this method can effectively analyze the operating efficiency of the cable and master the safe running distance of the cable group, which provides an effective technical management method for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the cable group.

Research purposes: the traditional methods of building deformation data processing were based on regression statistical analysis and time series analysis etc. These prediction methods need larger prediction sample data. Relatively large amounts of errors were caused by a small amount of data. Research methods and procedures: the paper uses the grey theory in operational research to solve these problems. The grey theory model only needs less sample observation data to predict the characteristics and the catastrophic & abnormal values. Prediction model of vertical displacement (settlement) deformation is established based on GM (1, 1) model. Compare the errors between the model value and the measured value and form fitting graphs of monitoring points. Research conclusion: the application results show that the grey theory model is suitable for data processing and prediction analysis of engineering building settlement and obtain the high prediction accuracy.

With the benefits of variable shape and large scale, the long-span space structure can realize the concept of the building appearance by the designer. However, China is in the area where earthquakes occur frequently, with more than one hundred reported occurrences of earthquakes in the past 100 years. This type of building has the characteristics of big importance, high people density, and great influence. During the time of the disaster, it also functions as a temporary evacuation site. It is required that it not only satisfies safety requirement by the code, but also that it meets the demand of resisting continuous collapse under the action of a strong accidental load to guarantee the safety of people's lives and property. In this paper, a numerical study is conducted on an actual grid structure using the method of incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), which locates the weak spots of the structure. Viscous dampers are added to the structure for studying their damping effect on the large span truss structures under seismic waves. And the rational arrangement of the damper in the truss structures is proposed, which provides a reference for collapse-resistant design.

In order to obtain the precursory characteristics of rock dynamic disasters such as rock burst, based on effectiveness of energy evolution and acoustic emission detection method for rock failure prediction, mechanical parameters, acoustic emission signals and energy of granite under uniaxial loading-unloading cycles were studied by using GAW-2000 electrohydraulic servo rigid press machine controlled by computer and PCI-2 acoustic emission acquisition system. Peak strength of granite under cyclic loading and unloading decreased by about 18% compared with conventional static loading. Ringing count rate was characterized by interval between "sudden increase" and "relative calmness period" before peak strength and the "b" value continued to decrease and to the minimum before instability. Failure represented characteristics of "cracked by step expansion and multiple release of energy". Felicity ratio gradually declined with cycle numbers and it was an important parameter for evaluating rock damage. Containing energy level was used to express rock risk coefficient, accumulation energy was mainly dominant in the pre-peak strength and dissipative energy density was far lower than elastic energy density. Combination of acoustic emission characteristics and energy evolution can improve the accuracy of rock failure prediction.

The bearing capacity of components under the influence of corrosion was studied to predict the service life of corroded H-beams. Firstly, based on the experimental data of mechanical properties of corroded steel, the Weibull model was used to fit the test data to obtain corrosion H-beam strength prognosis curve. Then, combined with the target design strength value, the prognosis analysis of the corroded H-beam was carried out. Finally, a numerical example was given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The Weibull model could well fit and predict the bearing capacity of corroded H-beams. According to the bearing capacity attenuation model of H-beams, the service life of the H-beams in our research was well predicted, about 66.5 years. In conclusion, the proposed method can well predict the life of corroded H-beams and it has been verified feasibility and effectively.

Progressive collapse attracted more attention of researchers in recent years, mainly due to the increasing number of terrorist incidents worldwide. Based on the GSA and DOD design guidelines, structural resistance mechanisms to progressive collapse of steel frame, V-shaped and X-shaped braced frame structures are studied by a comparative analysis. The results show that the robustness index (RI) of steel braced frame structure is significantly greater than steel frame structure, and the X-shaped brace is greater than the V-shaped brace. Furthermore, static pushdown and nonlinear dynamic analysis are performed to study dynamic effects attributed to a column removed. The results show that the ultimate failure modes are generally similar by these two analytical method. The presence of the column bracing reduces the dynamic displacement response for a column removed instantly, and the X-shaped brace is better than the V-shaped brace.

In this paper, a modified damage model is established to solve the non-convergence problem existing in the Park-Ang damage index. The scatter of the modified damage index is significantly reduced compared to the original Park-Ang damage index. Then the finite element analysis models of 8 representative regular bridges samples were established with the main parameters variable such as the column height. The total 19120 increment dynamic analysis (IDA) curves were obtained by using the IDA method. These IDA curves are expressed in terms of one intensity measure (IM), i.e., the spectral acceleration at the fundamental period with 5% damping, and one engineering demand parameter (EDP), i.e., the modified Park-Ang damage index. At last, the probabilistic seismic demand model of regular bridges was established by using probability analysis based on the result of IDA curves. It is found that the seismic damage demand is reasonably standard beta distributed at given IM levels. The quadratic equation is suitable to establish the correlation between the mean value of the seismic damage demad and the IM. It is concluded that the established probabilistic seismic demand model is suitable for 3different site conditions and can largely simplify the computational effort of seismic demand in the performance-based seismic design and assessment of regular bridges.

The modal analysis of the super-large FRP combined tank structure system with floating roof is carried out. Firstly, the finite element model of the super-large FRP combined tank structure system with floating roof is established. Then, the modal analysis of the super-large FRP combined tank structure system with floating roof is carried out. The results show that when the storage height is less than or equal to 50% of the total storage height, the first-order frequency of the FRP combined tank fluid coupling vibration is very small. When the storage height is large, the vibration frequency of the FRP combined storage tank liquid coupling is larger than that when the water storage state is less than or equal to 50%. The vibration frequency of the tank fluid coupling also decreases with the increase of the tank radius. The larger the tank radius is, the more significant the tank fluid coupling effect is.

Extreme wind, thunderstorm, occurs throughout the world, even in the polar regions. At any given time approximately 2,000 thunderstorms are occurring on Earth. Many structural damages induced by them have been recorded around the world. Study of thunderstorm outflows and their effects on structures already becomes a key topic in modern wind engineering. This paper analysed the main properties of a typical thunderstorm outflow event occurred in Beijing based on the measured data detected by 9 ultrasonic anemometers mounted on the 325 m high Beijing meteorological tower. It is fundamental and crucial to learn the phenomena in urban area and study the structural response to thunderstorm outflows.

For the cable-stayed bridge with swivel construction, due to the need of swivel construction, there is no consolidation between the bottom of the pier and the foundation during the construction process. Once an earthquake occurs, it is easy to cause the overturning of the bridge or the destruction of the bottom turntable. It can cause major safety incidents. In order to study the seismic safety of the single-pylon cable-stayed bridge in the swivel construction, it uses ANSYS finite element analysis software to establish a finite element analysis model for the construction stage of the single pylon cable-stayed bridge based on a certain project in this paper. Through the calculation and analysis of the single-pylon cable-stayed bridge with swivel construction under earthquake excitation, it is found that the locating pin at the center of the ball-end hinge has excessive shearing force under the 6-degree and 7-degree seismic excitation. It will cause the concrete around the pin to be crushed or even the ball joint to be destroyed. In view of the above problems, it proposes the seismic measures for arranging anchor rods at the edge of the turntable in this study, and calculates and compares the seismic effects of anchoring arrangements with different diameters and different inclination angles. It shows that the solution can significantly reduce the positioning pin shear force and prevent the upper structure from overturning under earthquake from results.

Long-span cable-stayed bridges are a kind of bridge type that has developed rapidly in recent years. It is always the focus of research to take reasonable measures and take effective measures to ensure the safety of bridges in earthquakes. In order to improve the shock absorption performance of long-span cable-stayed bridges, scholars from various countries have carried out a series of experimental exploration and theoretical analysis. According to the number of cable-stayed bridge towers, this paper systematically combs and summarizes the shock absorption design of the three types of cable-stayed bridges of single tower cable-stayed bridge, double-tower cable-stayed bridge and multi-tower cable-stayed bridge. On the one hand, it is the design and theoretical study of shock absorption, on the other hand, it is the design and effect study of shock absorption measures. It summarizes some conclusions of the shock absorption design of various types of long-span cable-stayed bridges, and puts forward suggestions for the future shock absorption design.

This paper introduces a method of determining the seismic action for existing structure. The method incorporates the influence of seismic hazard and the continuous seismic service life. According to the more commonly assumed magnitude distribution, attenuation laws and the earthquake record, the relation of seismic hazard to seismic action is studied. The results are in terms of a modification factors of seismic action versus design reference period (i.e., 50 years). Under the principle of all the seismic action of each fortification level have the same exceeding probability, the calculation formulas is proposed to calculate exceeding probability of seismic action, while the exceeding probability based on the continuous seismic service life is converted to the well-matched exceed probability based on the design reference period (i.e., 50 years). At last, the modification factors of seismic action for existing structure with different continuous seismic service life are given in this paper.

Based on the crowed places (subway stations are mainly considered), a personnel evacuation coupling model combined with fire environment is proposed in this project, and a computer simulation system is developed. Firstly, a model of personnel evacuation considering environmental factors is established based on the social force model, and the model is dispersed into particle system model by the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), namely the evacuation SPH coupling model. And then, a personnel evacuation simulation system based on virtual reality technology is developed, implementing the modules of specific personnel evacuation warning and emergency evacuation decision-making. This system can provide technical support for fire control room staff, fire management departments and policy experts.This project has important guiding significance for personnel evacuation safety analysis in the building, which can provide a reference for the establishment and application of the safe evacuation analysis method in our country, and provide theoretical basis and technical support for preventing a stampede and emergency evacuation.

The Sichuan-Tibet Railway passed through high-altitude metamorphic rock areas in western Sichuan, where rock freeze-thaw weathered intensely and geological disasters occured frequently, it was of great theoretical significance and engineering value to carry out freeze-thaw cycle tests on typical rocks. The metamorphic sandstone samples collected from the Lancang River Basin were divided into five groups, each group experienced freezing and thawing about 8h(4 h freezing and 4 h thawing) of wide temperature range whose freezing temperature was -40 °C and thawing temperature was 50 °. During the experiment, loss of quality, change in P-wave velocity of metamorphic sandstone were counted with observing deterioration in the appearance of rock specimens every certain number of cycles, combining with uniaxial compression tests after 22, 42, 65, 85, and 105 times of freeze-thaw cycles respectively. Comparing and analyzing the calculated physical and mechanical parameters, the result shows that with increasing cycles of freezing and thawing, the quality first drops, then reaches a minimum after 40∼50 cycles, and oscillates and stabilizes finally. The P-wave velocity of the sample is large after freezing, and is numerically higher than the P-wave velocity after thawing. Overall, the P-wave velocity and quality change trend have good consistency. The uniaxial compressive strength of specimens has no obvious regular pattern. The structural plane has an important influence on the freeze-thaw cycle test results, the research on the mechanism of structural freeze-thaw degradation is an important part of revealing the stability of rock mass in alpine region.

The seismic safety of the dam involves the safety of people's life and property, and even affects the overall safety of the national economy. One of the key of technical issues in this subject is the more complete fluid-structure interaction(fsi) theory and the more accurate calculation method. In order to solve the problem of dynamic fluid-structure interaction in gravity dam, a 2.5d semi-dynamic theoretical model and a numerical solution method are established by using fluid slice method. The numerical experiment of seismic sress response is compared with three-dimensional model. The results show that the stress response of the 2.5d semi-dynamic model of gravity dam can well reflect the fluid-structure interaction behavior and effect of seismic gravity of concrete gravity dam.

So far, there is no analytical solution for the vertical seismic displacement of truss cable structures via modal superposition spectrum method. First, according to the first author's previous work, the first eight symmetric and anti-symmetric frequencies and corresponding mode shapes are given. Then, the shape curves of maximum vertical seismic displacement of truss cable structure with 40m, 65m and 72m spans are presented by modal superposition spectrum method. Finally, the correctness of the above analytical solutions is verified by the results of FEM simulations. It is found that: (1) the presented analytical solutions of vertical seismic displacement of truss cable structures are of high accuracy and are simple and practical; (2) The maximum vertical seismic displacement curve of the truss cables has three shapes, which depends on the fundamental frequency and spans. It is found that for the truss cables, the maximum seismic displacement does not necessarily occur in the mid-span. This new finding should attract the attention of engineering designer when designing long-span truss cables.

The overpass is one product of city development and it has significant effects on relieving traffic. Though it brings many benefits to us, it triggers some problems as well. For example, it triggers regional unbalance, space blocking and commercial atmosphere, it reduces on both sides of the overpass, it affects safety of the pedestrian under the overpass. The paper summarizes the space types under the overpass in Changchun into three categories, which are point pattern, linear pattern and composite pattern. Analyses from the viewpoint of psychology, the paper put forwards some environmental design strategies for each type of spatial pattern of the overpass in Changchun city.

By summarizing the research results of the site effect coefficient and topographic effect coefficient of ground motion peak acceleration, we analyzed the ground motion site effect and topographic effect and concluded that the relationship between site effect and topographic effect was wane and wax and gradually transition. The amplification factor of the peak acceleration of the surface can be calculated by multiplying the site effect coefficient and the topographic effect coefficient. The article proposes to study the site effect coefficient and the topographic effect coefficient in two ways and obtain the function expression. In the introduction of Vs30, the calculation method of the limits of two effect of Vs30 as the parameter is also proposed. Through the above methods, accurate ground motion peak acceleration can be obtained, which provides support for seismic design, ground motion attenuation relationship research and seismic geological disaster prevention.

Strengthening disaster prevention, the grassroots unit absolutely cannot be careless, if can find the difficult point of disaster prevention operations, put forward a relative approach to the proposal, the power of disaster prevention to store in the grassroots units, to improve the resiliency of disasters. Based on the Role Theory and the in-depth interview method of purchasing quality research, this paper explores the expectation of the chief of village's self-playing role in the implementation of disaster prevention works and discusses the actions that can be implemented, and analyzes the expectations and actions of different types of chiefs. Then discuss its role model, the study found that the professional background, self-expectation, work execution and other factors that affect the implementation of disaster prevention works willingness, so put forward the implementation of disaster prevention works synergy model and extension of 5 implementation recommendations, looking forward to providing reference and follow-up research continues to implement, thereby improving the ability of grassroots units to implement disaster prevention.

Based on the characteristics of loess landslide under earthquake action, in order to more accurately and reasonably evaluate the stability of loess landslides under earthquake action, considering the systematicness and scientificity, a reasonable loess landslides under earthquake action stability evaluation index system has been set up, and a fuzzy comprehension evaluation model for the stability of the loess landslide under earthquake action was established to evaluate its stability. This model has been applied to Sanjiadi landslide in Gansu province to analyze the stability of loess landslides under earthquake action; the stability coefficient of the Sanjiadi landslide under earthquake action was calculated by use of the pseudo-static method. Both methods indicated that the Sanjiadi landslide under earthquake action was in an unstable state; and the results are reasonable and confirm to reality.

According to the incremental dynamic analysis method (IDA), the intensity amplitude of one or more seismic records is adjusted step by step, and then one or more sets of seismic records with increasing intensity are generated. The seismic records are used to perform nonlinear dynamic time history analysis of the bridge-integrated structure one by one until structural damage. Therefore, a comprehensive and realistic evaluation of the seismic capacity of the bridge-building station structure is made, and the response of the structure under the action of rare earthquakes and multiple earthquakes is deeply understood. This paper provides a reference for practical engineering design.

The reliability of the string of detonation network is calculated by using the fault tree analysis. The definition of large-scale detonation network reliability is that the secondary detonator nodes outside the hole are all detonated. The fault tree of the nonel tube Bind-bind-series initiation network is drawn, and the calculation equations are deduced.

The Taihu Basin is one of the most important areas which contains most of the wealthy metropolis of China. The frequent floods caused by extreme rainfall always bring economic loss and property casualties to the Taihu Basin. The backbone works of the Taihu Lake (BWTL) consisted of 11 mainstay projects are aimed at the basin management and flood control. The whole works begin in 1991, and are almost completed in 2002. We compare the two rain events in 1991 and 2016, and take two typical flood events as the case to analyse the effect of the BWTL in this paper. Due to the urbanization, more flood drains into the water body around the cities and causes the water levels of the control stations are higher than that in 1991. The BWTL changes the outlets of the flood water and improves the flood regulating capability of the Taihu Basin. Under the protect of the BWTL, even the continuous rain in 2016 brings the more serious flood than 1991, the Taihu Basin experience less flood loss.

Measurement, standards, certification and accreditation and inspection and testing are the four major aspects of the internationally recognized national quality foundation. The national quality foundation is not only the technical support of the government to give play to the quality of quality supervision, but also the core of the national technology trade. It is also an important tool and technical language to promote the cooperation, exchanges and economic and trade exchanges between China and other countries in the world. At present, our country is in the crucial stage of development transformation. We must pay attention to the construction of quality technology and building China into a world industrial power.

During heavy metal smelting and ore mining, there is a large amount of arsenic in flue gas and waste acid, forming acid sewage. If it is discharged into the natural environment directly, a large amount of arsenic will be placed in the natural environment, causing arsenic pollution and harms to the health of animals, plants and human beings. This article explores the waste acid of copper smelting solution as research object. For the As⁵⁺ solution, the scorodite-a kind of solidnarsenic bearing is low residue of arsenic, easy to store and more stable-prepare by the enviromnent with Ultrasonication. For the As³⁺ solution, in order to achieve discharge standards, we use the Lime-iron-washing precipitation method and sulfidation to the arsenic, after that we use the TCLP experiments to check the toxic leaching rate.

Weather conditions cause changes in the environment around the arc and wires of transmission lines, which affects the accuracy of transmission line parameters. In order to accurately calculate the line parameters under different meteorological conditions, the influence of temperature, ice cover and wind speed on the arc of transmission lines and the influence of space dielectric constants on temperature, air humidity, ice cover and fog are studied. The analysis and calculation method of the resistance, reactance and capacitance parameters after the change of wire and ground arc vertical position and space dielectric constant are studied.

According to the nonlinearity and uncertainty of the load sequence, the grey Verhulst model (GV) adapted to the "S" type growth is used to predict the future electricity consumption of Ningxia. This paper analyzes the application limitations of the traditional grey Verhulst model, and introduces the background value of the vector α modified GV model, thus constructing a more universal background value modified GV model, applying the global optimization ability of adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm (APSO) to solve the optimal α value. a grey Verhulst model (APSO-GV) based on adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. The case study shows that the model has high prediction accuracy and universality.

The formation of vesicles, composed of N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium bromide ([Mor_1,12]Br) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), is investigated. The phase diagram of the mixed surfactant aqueous solutions is determined through visual observation and electrical conductivity measurements. The formation of vesicles is confirmed in the lamellar phase (L_α) through Cryo-TEM. The irregular shape of vesicles is observed successfully in micrographs. Moreover, the rheological properties, size distribution and zeta potential in different mole ratio are studied. The behavior of the vesicle solution matches Bingham fluid in rheological tests. With the mole ratio r increases, the average size increases while the zeta-potential value decreases. Electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions are regarded as the main driving forces for the formation of vesicles.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), an important tumor marker, is widely used for the diagnosis of patients with germ cell tumors and hepatocellular carcinoma. Herein, a highly sensitive aptasensor for AFP detection was constructed based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between 5-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs). AuNCs can effectively quench the fluorescence of FAM-AFP aptamer via strong coordination interactions. When AFP was introduced into the FAM-AFP aptamer-AuNCs FRET system, the AFP aptamer preferentially combined with AFP accompanied by conformational change, which greatly weakened the coordination interaction between the AFP aptamer and AuNCs. Thus, fluorescence recovery of FAM was observed. In the range of 10.0 -100.0 ng/mL, a linear relationship between the fluorescence recovery rate and the concentration of AFP was obtained with the detection limit of 6.631ng/mL. The highly sensitive FRET aptasensor with simple configuration showed promising prospect in detecting a variety of biomarkes.

In order to realize the visualization of the catastrophic law of mine belt fire on personnel evacuation theory, the complex roadway model is constructed by using the fire dynamic simulation software. The change of monitoring data such as temperature, smoke concentration and visibility is simulated in near-fire source of tape fire roadway. It is found that the main factors affecting the escape of personnel are smoke temperature, CO concentration and visibility in the mine tape fire. The first 100 s is a critical period for the smooth escape of the people on the wind side of the fire source after the tape fire. The high smoke temperature, high CO concentration and low visibility of the roadway seriously affect the escape of personnel after 150 s. At this time, the fire has developed into the flash-over stage. The parameters reach the critical value at 40 s with the 20% smoke concentration as the critical value in the roadway. It provides a reference for mine emergency rescue and fire escape.

At present, there is limited experience in the construction of environmental monitoring system for urban underground integrated corridors. In order to meet the needs of corridor environment risk management, a comprehensive road condition management system of Liupanshui Yude road was designed. The system hardware system which combines the system workstation with the data transmission module is established, and a software system platform based on environmental monitoring, compression coding, encapsulation and wireless module is designed. A real-time monitoring system for environmental risk sources is established, which integrates environmental monitoring data, and provides a reference for the design of engineering environment and equipment monitoring system.

This paper compares the vibration characteristics of the floating slab track with different base forms and proposes a method to comparatively improve the vibration reduction effect of the "integrated assembly" construction method. Firstly, the wheel-rail force of the train passing through the small radius curve section is obtained by the dynamic simulation, and steel spring floating slabs with the flat and inclined base, tunnel models with different superelevation are established by the finite element method. Next the fundamental frequencies of slab tracks are analysed and the reaction forces of the bottom of the steel spring and the 1/3 octave vibration level of tunnel wall nodes are calculated. The results show the vibration levels of nodes of the tunnel with inclined base is larger when the train speed and the superelevation are the same, which is due to the vertical forces being applied to the different base forms of the tunnel have different vibration effects, and the larger the superelevation is, the greater the difference becomes. In view of this, we could redistribute the superelevation between the floating slab track and tunnel base instead of being completely provided by the floating slab track or tunnel base as before.

The construction of metro tunnel is limited by geological conditions. Therefore, it is important to choose an appropriate construction method that suits the local conditions. This paper summarizes three major methods of metro tunnel construction, including their principles, processes, applicable conditions, strengths, weaknesses, and latest developments. This paper aims to provide reference to subway station constructions and related scientific research.

The development and utilization of urban underground space has become an effective means to solve the urban land tension. In China, with the rapid development of a large number of medium-sized cities, most of which urban population has exceeded one million, urban land increasingly tense. The development and utilization of urban underground space is an inevitable trend in the future. This paper starts from the present situation of the secondary city development and utilization of underground space, the general characteristics of urban development are summarized, and the type of underground space development and utilization are analyzed, and puts forward the key points in the development and utilization of underground space.

This paper was based on the engineering practice of Qingdao metro tunnel through a raft foundation. The methods of numerical calculation and inversion analysis of field monitoring data were used to analyze the reasonable overlying strata thickness for metro tunnel through the raft foundation buildings in upper-soft and lower-hard strata. The concept of reasonable overlying strata thickness was proposed based on full utilizing the self-stability of surrounding rock when the metro tunnels through the raft foundation. It was pointed out that the self-stability of surrounding rock increased rapidly with the increase of overlying strata thickness firstly, and tended to stabilize when the overlying strata thickness reached a certain value; and then the influence of the overlying strata thickness on self-stability was not obvious thereafter. The reasonable overlying strata thickness for the metro tunnels through the raft foundation was about 5.0 ∼ 6.0 m in the upper-soft and lower-hard strata in Qingdao. The research conclusion had certain reference value for the design and construction of the metro tunnels through the raft foundation safely, economically and quickly.

The dynamic interactions of a high-speed train, the track, and a simply-supported girder bridge are studied by theoretical analysis in this paper. A dynamic interaction model of the train-track-bridge system is established in ANSYS. Uneven pier settlement caused by ground subsidence and measured track irregularities are taken as the system excitation. The dynamic responses of the high-speed train are used as the safety and stability evaluation indexes when it passes over the bridge. A case study considering an eight-car high-speed train running on a four-span simply supported bridge in a ground subsidence area is analyzed. Relationships among different settlement periods, different train operation modes, and running dynamic performance under various speeds are obtained. The results indicate that speed is the dominant factor affecting the safety and stability of the high-speed train where local ground subsidence is present. In addition, when the speed of the train is high and ground subsidence is greater, the degree of settlement and the operation of the high-speed train are also important factors that affect the safety and stability.

In this paper, the fire model of the tunnel is set up, the geometric model of the tunnel is established, a reasonable grid is divided, and the appropriate fire source power is selected firstly. Secondly, the method of air supply and air intake, the form of installation and arrangement, jet angle and jet speed of air curtain are selected reasonably. Finally, through the establishment of a corresponding physical model, CFD simulation software was used to simulate the movement of the smoke and the concentration of CO, visibility, and temperature of the tunnel under the influence of the piston wind over time by changing the installation position of the air curtain in the same fire environment. The result of the simulation shows that when the air curtain is set in the tunnel about 10-20m away from the fire source center, the smoke prevention effect is the best.

As an important countermeasure of dust control in mine, the efficiency of foam generator is seriously affected by the key structural parameters itself, including the baffle inclination angle (θ), the disturbance flow distance (L) and the diffusion angle (α). To ascertain the relation of the three parameters, the axial cross section velocity field and gas phase distribution field in the foam generator were simulated by FLUNET software and mixture method, standard κ-ε turbulence model and SIMPLEC algorithm. At the same time, the orthogonal tests were conducted for reducing amount of calculation. The results show that when θ = 30°, L = 22mm, α = 74°, the foam generator is on the optimal working condition. And the importance degree of the key structural parameters is successively θ, L and α. It can play a certain reference role in the actual design of the foam generator for the dust removal technology improvement of the foam generator.

There are many types of public space in urban from the view of defense safety design. Urban composite public space (abbreviation as CPS) is an important spatial pattern having the attributes of combination of many kinds of mankind activities, such as commerce, amusement and so on. Its main characteristic is that all function spaces are related and interweaved together, and it has multi-level, multi-meaning and multi-function properties as well. CPS is kind of high crime risk area because of the treasure gathering, complex functionality, and high mobility population. The paper classified the CPS of Changchun as linear, grid and hybrid pattern and put forwards strategies and solutions for defense safety problems of CPS, which is based on existing unsafe factors by investigating Chongqing Road, Guilin Road and railway station.

In order to solve the problem of discriminant criterion for deep roadway instability, the core of surrounding rock failure in deep roadway and its two types of instability mechanisms were analysed. Based on the cusp catastrophe model and taking the plastic radius function as the potential function of the roadway system, the instability discriminant of surrounding rock was derived and the catastrophic criterion for instability of deep roadway under the influence of disturbance was established. Aiming at the engineering application of this criterion, the implementation method and detailed procedure of stability discrimination for the deep roadway were proposed. The numerical results show that the malignant expansion of plastic zone often occurs in surrounding rock causing large deformation or transient instability in the ultra-high deviatoric stress environment. Under the influence of external disturbance, the plastic radius experienced two stages including slow increase and nonlinear acceleration. The discriminant conclusion of the deep roadway instability according to the calculation results of the catastrophic eigenvalues is consistent with the extension of the plastic zone during the instability process of surrounding rocks, which verifies that the established instability criterion is feasible and applicable.

Surrounding rock in deep mine will exhibit discontinuous large deformation characteristics under high geo-stress, so the rationality of the anchor-net support parameters will directly affect the tunnel support effect. In this paper, the relationship between wall rock around tunnel in deep mine deformation and support parameters of deep roadway is studied by FLAC numerical simulation. The travelling roadway of 11501 coal face in a mine is taken as the research background. Five bolt lengths (2.4m,2.6m,2.8m,3.0m and 3.2m) and 5 kinds of the inter-row spacion of anchor rod (0.6m×0.6m, 0.65m×0.65m and 0.7m×0.7m, 0.75m × 0.75m, 0.8m × 0.8m) are designed based on the initial support scheme of the tunnel. The effect of 25 combinations of bolting support are analyzed. After,6 kinds of anchor cable length schemes (5.5m,6m,6.5m,7m,7.5m,8m) are designed for research. Finally, the coupling relationship between the support parameters of the anchor (cable) and the deformation of the surrounding rock is obtained. The research results provide reference for the scientific design of the roadway support under similar conditions.

In order to solve the serious roadway failure in Yaoqiao coal mine, Kaiser effect was used to measure the in-situ stress in level-800m roadway. Through making samples 6 special directions on the beamed rock cores and doing acoustic experiment, the unilateral plus stress values on each direction are obtained. Through coordinate transformation, the magnitude and direction of the primary stress of the original rock were calculated. The result shows that level - 800m belongs to high stress area, and there exists certain tectonic stress. The relative position of horizontal maximum and minimum ground stress is determined, which provides reference for the roadway layout and support in Yaoqiao mine.

The object of this work was to ensure the passengers' safety in railway tunnel rescue station. Firstly, background of tunnel rescue station and rescue process were reviewed. Secondly, problems and suggestions on emergency rescue's equipment were analyzed including protective clothing, safety rope and explosion-proof light. Thirdly, the supplemental equipment was summarized. Further study should focus on relative standards' revision and new technique.

The paper takes the real jacket offshore platform as an example. The structural finite element software structural analysis was used to establish the structural section optimization, shape optimization and shape optimization model based on component reliability. The results reflect that the shape optimization efficiency based on component reliability is high under the premise of guaranteeing the reliability of the structure. Therefore, preference should be given to the structural shape optimization considering reliability in the engineering.

As more and more karst tunnels have been operated, the disease of operating karst tunnels becomes more and more serious. In order to analyze the distribution regularities of water pressure of lining structure under the influence of rainstorm, a three-dimensional numerical model was established to study the distribution pattern of water pressure of lining structure in water-rich karst tunnel, and the internal force of lining and the applicability of half-pack and half-drain in water-rich karst tunnels were also analyzed. The results show that the water pressure in the vault of the tunnel is small, and is high in the invert area. The invert is subjected to tensile stress. For water-rich karst tunnels, the invert of the tunnel bears relatively large water pressure when the half-pack and half-drain are adopted, which is of poor applicability, so the center of the invert is easy to crack. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the waterproof and drainage modes. The results can provide a reference for the design of water-rich karst tunnels.

Aiming at instability of rock pillar subjected to dynamic load in underground mining, damage and failure process of rock with double-fractures under uniaxial dynamic compression was simulated by particle flow code (PFC). Mesoscopic damage variable was defined based on the number of fracture bonds between particles, and damage characteristics of the rock with double-fractures was analysed. Then change laws of rock peak strength, cracks distribution, accumulation and release of elastic strain energy were revealed, furthermore the internal cause for accelerated growth of rock sample microcracks post peak was obtained. The results show that the number of cracks on rock with double-fractures increases with the peak strength under uniaxial dynamic compression. Compared with large-size fractures, the rock sample with small-size fractures takes longer to reach peak strength and have higher bearing capacity. Additionally the number of microcracks on the rock sample is positively correlated with the mesoscopic damage variable (D), while the elastic strain energy accumulated at the peak and the peak strength are all negatively correlated with the length of fracture B.

Currently, the construction scale of the highway tunnel in China is in rapid development. As tunnel shop drawings are generated separately and independent by different professions. Highly professional skill is required to ensure effective design review, construction coordination and operation guarantee due to the scattered information. In view of these problems, BIM is introduced in this study to prevent from information islands and improve information interoperability during the whole life cycle for highway tunnel. Based on a mountain tunnel project in Zhejiang Province, this paper presents a BIM-based highway tunnel design, construction and maintenance(DCM) management platform, illustrates data flow and transmission during the whole life cycle for seamless information integration of and the lightweight delivery in operation and maintenance management.

The Gaoligong Mountain Tunnel of Dali-Ruili Railway is located between the Nujiang River and the Longling County Town in the southeastern section of the Hengduan Mountains, China. In geological history, this area was affected by multiple tectonic movements, and the faulted structures are extremely developed. During the drilling inspection hole of No.2 vertical shaft, boring tool stuck and the hole collapse once happened. Its depth was 643.12 m, the outcropped strata were all granite or weathered granite (fracture zones). 7 fracture zones with thickness > 10 m were uncovered, the maximum thickness of which was 112.95 m; and 7 water bearing strata were uncovered, of which the buried depth of groundwater table was all less than 34m, the permeability coefficients(k) were 0.005∼0.158 m/d. It was estimated that the water inflow of ④ ∼ ⑦ aquifers of the main shaft and the auxiliary shaft of No. 2 shaft were all greater than 120 m³/d (5 m³/h), that normal water inflow of main shaft and auxiliary shaft of No.2 vertical shaft would be 125.92 m³/h and 90.08 m³/h respectively. In order to avoid water inrush and wall caving accidents during the construction of the two shafts, it was decided to adopt the surface pre-grouting method in the construction of the shafts to block off and reinforce the ④ aquifer and the strata under the aquifer. The "S" shaped directional drilling technology was used; the two sequences, segmented downward, multiple-times grouting mode was adopted; clay-cement slurry was selected as the grouting material. After grouting, pump yield water tests were carried out in two grouting holes of main shaft and auxiliary shaft. The remaining water inflow in grouting sections of two shafts was 5.02 m³/h and 5.70 m³/h respectively, and the rates of water blocking were all over 93%. The grouting effect was remarkable. The successful implementation of the surface pre-grouting project of No.2 vertical shaft in Gaoligong Mountain Tunnel of Dali-Ruili Railway has important guiding significance for the design and construction of tunnel and mine shafts in broken water-rich granite stratum.

In view of the particularity of the geological environment of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand, the tunnel will be destabilized due to its poor self-stability during tunnel excavation, which is worthy of attention. In this paper, the three-dimensional discrete element method is used to establish the discrete element numerical model of the excavation surface of the aeolian sand tunnel. The macroscopic mechanical response of the face is obtained and analysed, and the process of instability of the excavation surface is revealed from the macroscopic and microscopic mechanics. Based on this, the reasonable and safe support force of the excavation face is determined. Compared with the existing research, this paper uses the discrete element method to influence the dynamic construction of aeolian sand stratum on the stability of the face, which is closer to the engineering practice. The research results can provide reference for ensuring the stability of the tunnel face in the aeolian sand stratum.

Taking the underground station research project of the first phase of Nanning Rail Transit Line 4 as the engineering background, based on the ABAQUS large-scale finite element software, the numerical integration method, the constitutive relationship of structural materials and the determination of boundary conditions appear in the model establishment. The key problems of seismic wave selection and input are analyzed. The appropriate 3D standard section metro station structure calculation model is established. The seismic wave baseline drift phenomenon occurs in the dynamic time history analysis of ABAQUS. The Seismic Signal software is used to correct the seismic wave baseline. On the basis of theoretical analysis, through the numerical simulation, the dynamic time-history analysis of the frame column and the split column in the metro station under the two-way coupled seismic action is carried out, and the elastoplasticity of the metro station adopting the frame column and the split column is carried out. Time-history analysis found that the bearing capacity of the split column under the large earthquake is about 16% lower than that of the frame column, but the ductility is increased by about 35%. In other words, the split column loses part of the bearing capacity and changes the force of the frame column. Features greatly improve the ductility of the column.

Changqu, located in Xiangyang City, northwest of Hebei Province and in the middle reaches of Manhe River Basin of Hanjiang River, tributary of the Yangtze River, is a "Joining reservoirs" type water storage and diversion irrigation project with a long history of more than 1200 years. Based on the origin, evolution and management research of Changqu, this paper puts forward the composition of Changqu water conservancy heritage and analyzes its value.

The presence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in Taihu Lake, China has been determined in surface water and sediments. A polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) was successfully used to quantify the concentration of PFAAs in the surface water. The concentrations of PFAAs were estimated by POCIS in the field, ranged from 11.79 ng/L to 390.77 ng/L at the sampling locations. The concentrations of PFAAs in sediments were ranged from 0.52 ng/L to13.58 ng/L. Perfluorooctanoate was the most abundant compound detected in Taihu Lake with mean concentration of 289.34 ng/L in water and 12.6 ng/g dw in sediments. Risk quotient posed by PFAAs were assessed for different aquatic organisms. The results indicated that PFAAs had no risk to aquatic organisms in Taihu Lake system.

The paper focused on the boiler SCR DeNOx system of power plant, and studied on optimal operation of the SCR DeNOx system. According to the microscopic mechanism of SCR and based on lots of data analyzed by DCS records about SCR system, the main factors which affect the efficiency of DeNOx has been got. Then built the nonlinear fitting model between SCR DeNOx efficiency and operate parameters by Support Vector Machine, meantimes, optimize the model quickly and effectively by differential evolution algorithm. Ultimately, we got the optimal operation parameters of SCR DeNOx system which can make the efficiency of DeNOx maximization. Experiments show that the proposed method is effective and feasible, and it not only provide a new thought for such problems about multi-parameter characteristics predictive modeling, but also provide guidance to field operations.

After the Chinese economic reform, the number of vehicles in cities increases sharply. Serious air pollution is caused which also results in a lot of health problems. In this article, the author discusses the causes of pollution, the categories of pollution, the evaluation systems, as well as the health problems. In the end, the author gives suggestions to improve such situation from different aspects.

Parameter identification is an important step on the hydrological modelling. Nevertheless, some parameters of the hydrological model cannot be determined directly through experimental observation, which are related to watershed characteristics. As a result, the way to analyze effectively the correlation between the parameters and watershed characteristics become the important content of hydrological model development. In this study, we use similarity theory combines with 3S technolog (RS, GIS and GPS) to analyze the hydrological model parameters. The results show that the distances on the parameters of two similar watersheds are mostly small and close in the geometric space. This founding can help us to find some of the laws of runoff response function.

Based on the finite element method, the structural model of large wind turbine blades is established and the natural frequency and natural vibration mode of the structure are studied. The vibration response of the structure under the resonant load is calculated. The displacement amplitude and phase angle at the tip are obtained with frequency. It is found that under the given resonant load conditions, the maximum displacement amplitude and the maximum phase angle at the tip are within the allowable range of the structure, and the structure does not undergo resonance damage. Through the harmonic response vibration analysis of the wind turbine blade, it can provide an effective theoretical basis for the safe design of the blade.

This paper presents a solar collector-automatic multiple phase change thermal storage. The device achieves the integrated design of Solar Energy Technology (SET) and Phase Change Thermal Storage Technology (PCTST), and it not only can automatically adjust the heat storage temperature and heat storage capacity of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) according to the solar radiation but also can achieve multiple storage and multiple utilization of solar energy. The device consists of a Solar Energy Collecting Layer (SECL), a High Temperature Phase Change Heat Storage Layer (HTPCHSL), an Automatic Adjustable Heat Transfer Coefficient Layer (AAHTCL), a Low Temperature Phase Change Heat Storage Layer (LTPCHSL). Through the experiments, we concluded that the device can store the solar energy in different temperatures. In the heat discharging experiments, the cold water (22°C ) can reach a temperature rise about 5°C through the LTPCHSL, and about 10°C through the HTPCHSL, which demonstrated that solar energy can be multiple-used. The studies showed the concepts that solar energy multiple-stored and multiple-used, and the integrated design of SET and PCTST is feasible.

To find the effects of emerged plant on soil methane (CH4) emission and nitrogen content in constructed wetland, we constructed the constructed wetland microcosms with 3 treatments through 2 emerged plants (Typha orientalis and Phragmites australis). Results showed that soil CH4 flux have no different (2.0, 2.4, 2.5 mg m⁻² d⁻¹, P > 0.05), but soil nitrogen contents and microbial biomass nitrogen were significantly different (P < 0. 01) among the 3 treatments. The soil ammonium nitrogen (P < 0.001) and nitrate nitrogen (P < 0.01) contents in the planted constructed wetland were lower than in those unplanted constructed wetland, but microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were higher (P < 0.01). The soil CH4 flux, microbial biomass, organic matter and nitrogen content had no different between those constructed wetlands planted with Typha orientalis and Phragmites australis (P > 0.05). As total plant biomass in the constructed wetlands planted with Typha orientalis (P < 0.001) were higher than that in the constructed wetlands planted with Phragmites australis (P < 0.05). Hence, emerged plant regulate soil nitrogen removal but not affect soil CH4 emission in these systems.

With the rapid development of power system, distribution network inspection is becoming more and more important. The inspection work of the distribution network can effectively monitor and master the operation of power lines and power equipment, find equipment defects and hidden dangers, and propose specific maintenance plans to ensure power supply reliability. In the past, the distribution network inspection was generally carried out by manual means, which was inefficient and heavy in operation. In order to improve the efficiency of inspection, this paper proposes an intelligent distribution network inspection system based on the circular multi-agent structure. Firstly, the structure of the circular multiagent is analysed, and then the macro structure of the intelligent inspection system for distribution network is designed. Finally, its micro architecture with different modules is designed. The proposed intelligent inspection system can effectively improve the inspection efficiency and enhance the intelligence level of the power system.

Electrotopological state indices (E_k) of atom types is used to describe the structures of 10 thiazide diuretics in doping and related to the relative activity(Ra). The optimal three-parameter(E₁₆, E₂₃, E₉) quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) model is established by using leaps-and-bounds regression analysis for the relative activity(Ra) of thiazide diuretics along with the E_k. The correlation coefficients (R²) and the leave-one-out (LOO) cross validation R_Cv² for the Ra was 0.975 and 0.936, respectively. The model has favorable correlation, as well as robustness and good prediction capability by F, R_cv², Aic, Fit, V_if tests. The results indicate that the molecular structural units: = O(in sulfuryl), = N- and = C<(in aromatic ring) are main factors which can affect the relative activity(Ra) bioactivities of these compounds directly.

Compared with the traditional liquid lithium-ion battery, all solid-state lithium battery can significantly improve its safety, specific energy, specific power and cycle performance. With the development of smart society, the integration of devices has become a trend, and the corresponding energy supply system has gradually attracted attention. Among them, all solid-state thin film lithium battery is a better smart device energy unit. The deposition techniques of all solid-state thin film lithium battery are compatible with the micro-nano techniques of the micro-devices, which is conducive to the integration of the micro-devices and the micro-energy sources. This article first introduced the advantages and key issues of all solid-state thin film lithium batteries. Next, the deposition techniques of all solid-state thin film lithium batteries are introduced. Finally, the latest advances in all solid-state thin film lithium batteries are introduced, including flexible all-solid-state Thin-film lithium-ion batteries and three-dimensional structure of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries.

Dioscorea saponin isolated from the rhizome of Dioscorea nipponica Makino was activated by AGO mill. On the basis of TG-DSC analysis, two endothermic peak of dioscorea saponin after mechanical activation both moved back, and it had finished weightlessness in advance due to the accelerated decomposition. According to thermal analysis kinetics, the average thermal decomposition activation energy of dioscorea saponin after mechanical activation increased, and the maximum activation energy at different conversion rates moved back. According to the determining results of kinetic mechanism function, the thermal decomposition kinetics mechanism functions of dioscorea saponin before and after mechanical activation both fitted the Jander formula. After mechanical activation, the thermal decomposition kinetic mechanism of dioscorea saponin transformed from three-dimensional to two-dimensional diffusion.

Poly-substituted double-thiazoles have been synthesized by the reaction of α-thiocyanate ketones, atomatic aldehydes and aminothiourea in H₂O, underwenting Michael addition, the SN2 nucleophilic replace and the cyclized dehydration reaction sequently in this article. This seven-component reaction constructs two thiazole cycles, eight σ bonds in one step, maximizing synthetic efficiency and showing the superiority of atom economy, bonding economy and environmentally friendly. The structures of the products were determined by IR, ¹H NMR. This reaction achieve green multi-component synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, which would be used in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology research areas.

In the sulfuric acid medium, ammonium molybdophosphate can be reduced to phosphomolybdic blue by hydrosulfuryl(-SH) in captopril molecule, and the content of captopril can be obtained based on the absorbance of the phosphomolybdic blue. A novel method for the spectrophotometric determination of captopril by phosphomolybdic blue has been established. The various effect factors on the spectrophotometry determination of captopril by silicomolybdenum blue are investigated in detail. The results show that the maximum absorption wavelength of chromogenic system is 711.8 nm. Beer's law is obeyed between the concentration of captopril and the absorbance in the range of 0.08024∼0.2728 mg/mL, the linear regression equation is A = -0.2635+5.0469C (mg/mL), with the linear correlation coefficient is 0.9991. This proposed method has been applied to determinate of captopril in captopril tablets, and the results agree well with pharmacopoeial method.

The wastewater discharged from metallurgical and chemical industries often contains toxic heavy metal element arsenic. If the wastewater discharged directly without treatment, it will cause serious damage to the environment. In this review, different treatment processes of arsenic-containing wastewater with different concentrations are compared and summarized. Hence, the future development of arsenic removal process is prospected.

Computer-aided drug design (CADD) is an emerging tool for research and drug development process as it reduces the time taken for the process of drug development and expense. Molecular docking technology, as one of the main method, has been widely used in many fields of drug development. Based on the dopamine D₃ receptor target, this paper describes the method of molecular docking using LeDock software (Windows version) in combination with the docking process of eticlopride ligand and D3 receptor. This method can predict the binding mode of ligands to proteins, including binding energy, binding sites and attractive interactions types. Four representative D₃ receptor ligands, including BP897, NGB2904, FAUC365 and SB277011A, were respectively docked with D₃ receptor by this method. By analyzing the docking results, we can conclude that the molecular docking method using LeDock software plays an important role in the drug design process.

Aiming at the trend of "S" growth in annual electricity consumption in Ningxia, the gray linear regression combined model (GLM) load forecasting method is adopted, which can improve the lack of exponential growth trend in linear regression model and the lack of linear factors in the GM(1,1) model. However, the traditional GLM model has theoretical defects in the process of solving parameters, and there are limitations in the application range. Therefore, this paper introduces an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm which is more efficient than the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm, and combines it with the gray linear regression combination model. The adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the parameters of the GLM model, then carry out residual correction. Adaptive particle swarm optimization gray linear regression combination model (APSO-GLM) is proposed. The example analysis shows that the model overcomes the defects of the GM(1,1) model and the linear regression model. Compared with the single model, the prediction accuracy is higher and it has a wider application range than the traditional GLM model.

Effect of the biodegradable chelants (Sophorolipid, Saponin, β-cyclodextrin and Polyaspartic acid) on phytoremediation of Cd- and Pb- contaminated soil by Brassica Juncea was investigated in this work. Especially, the effect of the kind and the adding dosage of the chelants was studied during the plant growth. Plants were grown in an environmental control system. The biomass of the whole plant was weighed, and the concentration of Cd and Pb in shoot and root were determined using ICP-MS. Consequently, the following matters have been obtained: (1) All the chelants had the excellent stabilization of Cd and Pb in root. (2)The chelants resulted in a sharply biomass loss. (3) From bioconcenrtration factor, the chelants were more beneficial for the translocation of Pb than Cd, especially Saponin.

To study the distribution of residual oil after water flooding and the effectiveness of improved water flooding, the 3D printer was used to print the 3D model to imitate the fractured-vuggy reservoir modles of Tahe Oilfield. The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively describe the distribution of the remaining oil, study the mechanism of different improved water flooding methods, and provide theoretical support and technical support for further study of oil recovery. The experimental results of the three-dimensional model show that the remaining oil in such fracture-cavity reservoirs mainly exists at the top of the structure and the corners of the cave model, as well as the injection wells and the raised centers of the model.The remaining oil at the injection well can be produced after the injection-production inversion. After gas injection, the oil at the top of the model and the raised centers can be produced, indicating that changing the water flooding method can increase the oil production of the well.

The root of Angelica sinensis is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine. Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis (APS) on the some related indexes of free radicals and energy metabolism after strenuous exercise. The animals were divided into three groups, namely the sedentary control (SC), exercise control (EC), and exercise APS treated (200 mg/kg.d, EAT) group. At the 28th day, the rats in the EC and EAT group performed three-stage incremental exercise until exhaustion. After exhaustion exercise, a series of biochemical parameters including blood glucose, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) and free fatty acid (FFA) were measured. The results showed that APS increased exhaustion times, blood glucose levels, FFA levels in plasma and the levels of SOD and GPx in liver, which were accompanied by corresponding decreases in the MDA levels in liver. The present findings indicate that the antifatigue mechanisms of APS may be attributed to the following aspects: 1) APS can enhance antioxidant enzymes activities and inhibit the production of lipid peroxidation products, which can protect the body from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. 2) APS can affect carbohydrates metabolism, which has the effects of increasing hepatic and muscle glycogen stores and maintaining homeostasis of blood glucose levels. 3) APS can affect fat metabolism, which can regulate the formation of FFA and the utilization of fat oxidation. APS can be used as a nutritional supplement in exercise training.

Using investigation data on PHC in May and August 1990, this paper analyzed the collaborative influence of river discharge and marine current on the distributions of PHC in Jiaozhou Bay. Results showed that the PHC contents in May 1990 in surface waters in Jiaozhou Bay were 0.018-0.270 mg L⁻¹, compared to 0.020-0.081 mg L⁻¹ in August 1990. Dagu River and Haibo River were the major PHC sources in May 1990, while Haibo River was the major source in August 1990. In May 1990, there was a "clean path" from the bay center to the bay mouth in where PHC contents were relative low. In August 1990, there was a "polluted region" from the estuary of Haibo River to the center of the bay in where PHC contents were relative high. By means of the collaborative influence of river discharge and marine current there are frozen moments of water exchange.

Using investigation on Cd in May and August 1990, this paper analyzed the different influencing states of input source on the changes of Cr contents in Jiaozhou Bay. Results showed that in May and August 1990, Cd contents in bottom waters in Jiaozhou Bay were 0.11-0.35 μg L⁻¹ and 0.18-0.48 μg L⁻¹, respectively. The pollution level of the Cd in bottom waters in Jiaozhou Bay in 1990 was still very slight. There were four different states in the influencing process of source input on Cd: 1) when there is no source input, Cd contents are homogeneous in waters, 2) when the sediment is just beginning, Cd contents are relative high in surface waters yet relative low in bottom waters, 3) when the sediment is ongoing, Cd content are relative high in both surface and bottom waters, and 4) when the sediment is over, Cd contents are homogeneous in waters. The different influencing states of source input on Cd in Jiaozhou Bay were demonstrated by the block diagram model.

Using investigation data on Mercury (Hg) in waters between the bay center and the bay mouth in Jiaozhou Bay in May and August 1990, this paper analyzed the vertical settlement process and the influence on the vertical variation of Hg contents. Results showed that Hg contents in surface waters in May and August 1990 were 0.189-0.204 μg L⁻¹ and 0.053-0.063 μg L⁻¹, compared to 0.194-0.208 μg L⁻¹ and 0.055-0.055 μg L⁻¹ in bottom waters. The pollution level in May was moderate, compared to slight polluted in August. There were high settlement processes in the bay center in May and August 1990. Hg contents in bottom waters would be high/low in case that Hg contents in surface waters were high/low. By means of vertical water's effect, the settlement processes of Hg in waters were rapid in different space and time, resulting in the homogeneous of Hg contents between surface and bottom waters.

As an economical and energy-saving environmental protection technology, seawater desulfurization technology is widely used in environmental protection facilities of coal-fired power plants. With the introduction of the ULE management, the traditional seawater desulfurization technology can no longer meet the increasingly stringent environmental requirements. Based on the theory of gas-liquid mass transfer and nozzle atomization size distribution analysis, this paper investigates the effect and limitation of desulfurization performance enhancement by adding spray layer. The research results show that the design efficiency of the fifth layer spray is only 31.94%, and the export SO2 is only reduced to 98mg/m³. The concentration level is far from the ULE standard (35mg/m³), and the spray layer does not fully meet the requirements of ULE standards. Therefore, further considerations need to be taken from other ways of increasing efficiency.

The 10kV distribution district serves the electricity customer, and its theoretical loss can reflect the real situation of the technical line loss. Adopting the equivalent resistance method based on average current, on the basis of the remotely read active and reactive electricity at the head of the 10kV line, as well as the actual copying electricity on the secondary side of distribution transformer, this paper establishes mathematical models for calculating the electricity loss in both forward and backward directions. The case analysis shows that the results of the backward mathematical model accurately reflect the actual value of the theoretical line loss, and by comparing the theoretical line loss rate calculated by the two mathematical models, the unknown loss of the line can be identified.

In this study, electronegative silica nanofluid and electropositive alumina nanofluid were prepared to enhance oil recovery of ultra-low permeability cores. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering were employed to characterize their morphology and size. Nanofluids with different concentrations, ranging from 0.001wt% to 0.2 wt%, were used for spontaneous imbibition tests of sandstone cores to evaluate the performance of these nanofluids for EOR. The wettability alteration experiment and zeta potential measurements were employed to investigate the mechanism of nanofluids for EOR. As the concentration of alumina nanofluid increases, the adsorption of alumina nanoparticles could cause pore blocking. On the contrary, electronegative silica nanofluid could improve displacement efficiency and oil recovery as the increase of concentration of silica nanofluid. Electronegative silica nanofluid has great potential for EOR in ultra-low permeability reservoir.

High injection pressure, insufficient steam injection rate and low bottom hole dryness seriously affect the application effect of steam stimulation in offshore heavy oil reservoir. By analyzing the factors affecting the reservoir conditions of high injection pressure during huff and puff, it can be concluded that the oil viscosity increases and the permeability decreases. The grey correlation analysis shows that the contribution of unit viscosity increase to injection pressure increase is twice that of unit permeability decrease. In view of the main controlling factors, the viscosity change of crude oil was studied indoors. The results showed that: 1) The content of heavy crude oil increased, and the viscosity of crude oil increased linearly; 2) The reverse phase point of oil emulsification at reservoir temperature is 50% water cut, and the viscosity of oil-in-water emulsion will increase with the increase of water cut; 3) the higher the viscosity of asphaltene is, the stronger the viscosity is. According to the actual situation of offshore heavy oilfield, residue of heavy components and emulsification of oil-in-water is the main factor affecting steam injection.

Au/TS-1 catalyst was prepared by deposition-precipitation method. The catalytic performance of the modified catalyst for propylene direct vapour-phase epoxidation was investigated by modifying the support TS-1 and adding promoters during the preparation of the catalyst. Combined with the characterization results of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance (UV-Vis) and infrared diffuse reflectance (FT-IR), it was found that the activity of propylene epoxidation could be significantly improved by modified catalyst. The results showed that the catalyst modified by Sn increased the conversion of propylene and the selectivity of propylene oxide on the, which might be due to the coordination effect caused by the addition of Sn. The pore volume and specific surface area of Au/TS-1 have little effect on the vapour-phase epoxidation reaction, and the decomposition ability of Au/TS-1 is an important factor affecting its reactivity.

With the rapid development of industry, the global warming is getting out of control. In order to figure out this urgent issue, energy scientists start to pay von on the mental carbon dioxide batteries. Among this kind of batteries, the lithium carbon dioxide battery is the relatively excellent. In this paper, we will focus on the momentous composing component of lithium carbon dioxide battery, like various electrolytes as well as anode and cathode materials. There are totally six sections in this paper, in the section 1 we will introduce the principle in the process of battery. Then, the topics of 2, 3, 4 orderly are the different properties of main component. At the last part, the application and prospects will be given. For the purpose of a better understanding, there is a brief comparison between the listed material in the end of each section.

Malodorous gas is an important air pollutant which can damage people's health and bring uncomfortable experiences. H₂S is a common malodorous gas in people's living environment. This work proposed a UV photolysis reactor with double-tube used for H₂S contral. Performance of the reactor is evaluated by O₃ generation and H₂S removal. The results show that, the UV photolysis reactor is stable and produces O₃ with high efficiency. The reaction conditions of lower humidity and higher input energy are benefit for O₃ generation. 214 mg m⁻³ of O₃ is produced in the UV photolysis reactor with relative humidity of 20% and input energy of 12 W at the gas flow of 1 L min⁻¹. H₂S can be decomposed efficiency in the UV photolysis process because of the high energy of UV light and O₃ oxidation. For the UV photolysis reactor with the input energy of 1.5 W, almost 100% of H₂S with the concentration of 8 mg m⁻³ can be decomposed. In the UV photolysis reactor, a higher humidity will lead to decompoe more H₂S because of the HO generation from H₂O decomposed by UV light.

This paper investigated the determination of amygdalin content in Apple Core by high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) method. The borax solution of 20 mmol concentration containing 15% methanol was chosen as buffer solution. The experiment was performed at a constant voltage of 18kV and UV detection wavelength of 210 nm. The content of amygdalin in Apple Core was 3.432 mg/g (RSD = 4.5%) (n = 6). The recovery was in the range of 88.1% - 115.7% (n = 5). This method is suitable for the detection of the content of amygdalin in Apple Core.

This paper investigated the determination of amygdalin content in Cherry Seed by high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) method. The borax solution of 20 mmol concentration containing 15% methanol was chosen as buffer solution. The experiment was performed at a constant voltage of 18kV and UV detection wavelength of 210 nm. Measured amygdalin content in Cherry Seed was 2.045 mg/g (RSD = 5.98%) (n = 6). The recovery of amygdalin in Cherry Seed sample was in the range of 97.7% - 120.5% (n = 6). The average recovery was 109.7%. This method is suitable for the detection of the content of amygdalin in Cherry Seed.

This paper investigated the determination of amygdalin content in Nectarine Nucleolus by high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) method. The borax solution of 20 mmol concentration containing 15% methanol was chosen as buffer solution. The experiment was performed at a constant voltage of 18kV and UV detection wavelength of 210 nm. The content of amygdalin in Nectarine Nucleolus was 108.01 mg/g (RSD = 5.9%) (n = 6). The average recovery was 95.7%. This method is suitable for the detection of the content of amygdalin in Nectarine Nucleolus.

The in-situ polymerization method was used to prepare poly (3,4-ethylene- dioxythiophene dioxide thiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate/polyacrylonitrile (PEDOT-PSS/PAN) composite conductive fiber. The results indicate that more PEDOT particles grow on the surface of in-situ PEDOT-PSS/PAN composite fibers than PAN fiber, which has the conductivity of 9.83 S/cm nearly twice of that of the composite fiber before in-situ polymerization. The crystallinity of the in-situ PEDOT-PSS/PAN composite fiber is a little lower than that of the fiber before in-situ polymerization, but the thermal stability goes by contraries. Furthermore, the in-situ polymerization process has minor effects on the mechanical properties of the fibers. The breaking strengths, elongation at break and initial modulus of the in-situ PEDOT-PSS/PAN composite fiber are 0.67 CN/dtex, 33.90% and 4.63 CN/dtex respectively, which can be waved. It is estimated that this in-situ PEDOT-PSS/PAN composite conductive fiber will have the electromagnetic wave absorption function, which can be used in military as wave absorption material.

Novel conducting copolymers from aniline (AN) with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) with different micro/nano-structures were synthesized by chemical oxidation. The influences of [EDOT]/[AN] molar ratios on morphology, structure, electrical conductivity, and solubility of copolymers are systematically studied. It is found that the copolymer's morphologies as well as electrical conductivity vary with the change of [EDOT]/[AN], and the extremum exists during the conductivity variation. From the SEM photograph, we can know that the copolymer has a uniform nanofiber structure at [EDOT]/[AN] = 1.5/1. It is shown in the infrared spectrum that the copolymer has both the macromolecular chain structure of PANI and PEDOT, indicating that the copolymerization effect of the two is very good. The UV absorption spectrum is non-monotonic with the change of [EDOT]/[AN] molar ratio, which also proves the copolymerization structure of EDOT and AN. Interestingly, the copolymers exhibit better solubility and partial crystallinity compare with each single homopolymer. Moreover, the copolymer presents good electrochromic properties with the reversible color change among blue, blue green, yellowish green, which combines the color variation range of PANI and PEDOT.

Objective To compare the difference of HPLC fingerprints of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge from different seed sources under the same ecological environment and harvest time, combined with chemometrics. Methods A DiamonsilC18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μ m)column was used with a 0.02% phosphoric acid-water (methanol: acetonitrile = 1:1) elution system. The detection wavelength was 270 nm, the flow rate was 1 ml / min and the column temperature was 30 °C. The HPLC fingerprints of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge from 9 different provenances were tested, and the similarity, cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) of relative peak area were carried out. Results The HPLC fingerprints of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge from different provenances were established, and 27 common peaks were established, with the similarity of 0.989 and 0.999. All sample were divided into 3 groups by systematic cluster analysis, and the PCA score map and payload map were obtained by principal component analysis (PCA). The main chemical components which lead to the difference were selected by VIP value as peak 19, peak 18, peak 17 and peak 2. Conclusion There was no significant difference in the composition of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, but there was a great difference in the content of components.

Through exploring the current research status of veterinary drug circulation and use, the principal issues in the process of veterinary drug circulation and use are discussed. This paper summarizes the application of GSP-based traceability and correlation technology in veterinary drug circulation, package identification aggregation and splitting conversion technology in veterinary drug logistics, real-time perception technology in cold chain transportation of veterinary biological products, and "one-to-one" matching technology, veterinary drugs, livestock and poultry in intelligent perception of veterinary drug circulation and use process.

The veterinary drug industry is closely related to people's lives. The production and sale of counterfeit and inferior veterinary drugs, the illegal use of prohibited drugs, and the non-prescribed use of veterinary drugs have affected the prevention of animal epidemics and affected the quality of animal products, which will finally affect people's physical health. The intelligent management system for veterinary drug production and supervision (the system) can supervise the production, management and use of veterinary drug in an all-dimensional and multi-level manner in a wide range of fields. It has great research significance and broad application prospects. This paper mainly analyzes the significance of the system from three perspectives, studies its application prospects in different market entities, and analyzes the application and promotion of the system from two aspects.