The aim of this study is to investigate beneficiary selection process of Vulnerable Group Development (VGD) program and its efficacy to make VGD program more effective. The VGD program attempts to improve the socio-economic conditions for the ultra poor women who are widow, divorced, separated, and abandoned or with disabled husband. The comparative case study is analyzed depending on qualitative data from field survey based on beneficiary selection process in Raiganj upazila, Bangladesh. The study reveals VGD program implementation scenario, influential factors of governance and their respective role of actors how affect the primary VGD beneficiary selection process done by Ward Level Small Groups(WLSGs) at before verification stage and how the failure case was overcome to a successful case done by Upazila VGD Committee (UZVGDC) at after verification stage. A set of twenty five issues based upon institutional, managerial and technical level of governance with their respective success factors of governance such as legal framework, rule of law, hierarchical control, public service delivery, leadership, training, motivation & civil participation have been studied and analyzed through survey method data collection process. The comparative analysis reveals a several numbers of significant gaps or differences on these eight independent variables between before verification stage as a failure case done by WLSGs and after verification stage as a success case done UZVGDC. More specifically, the issues of clear understanding of selection criteria & selection process, arrangement of open public meeting, households visit or interviewing, utilization of rules, circulars & guideline properly, commitment to provide better public service, coordination among members of groups or committee, leadership role of female UP members & Upazila Nirbahi Officer as team leaders and active civil participation have outlined the most significant gaps and program outcomes. On the other hand, the issues of biasness, fairness, hierarchical control system, utilization of discretionary power, lack of proper training & motivation could not achieve the desire end state.These significant gaps are the most important achievements of this study and thus theoretical advancement has been created for further research and development (R&D) in the field of governance & public administration. In practical context, if the major findings & policy recommendations/implications of the study are applied to other upazila areas in Bangladesh considering the independent variables as homogeneous in nature of uniqueness of country perspective, it may contribute to better improvement of VGD program beneficiary selection process. The government may consider the policy recommendations for further development & improvement of VGD program including beneficiary selection process. Moreover, the government of Bangladesh, NGOs & donor agencies may also apply the major findings and policy recommendations of the success factors of level of governance in others welfare policies/programs such as Vulnerable Group Feeding, Old Aged Allowance, Widow Allowance Maternity Allowance, Employment Program for Ultra poor men etc for effective policy implementation process from top (policy making) to bottom (policy implementation). The comparative study makes room for further research & development (R&D) and accelerates more in-depth analysis of research problem using the theories, methods, concepts and contents used. Besides these, a comparative study could be made between two consecutive VGD cycles of the same upazila or between two or more upazila of different areas for VGD beneficiary selection process in future. Finally the study can be utilized by policy makers, policy implementers, researchers and development partners in the field of welfare programs of Bangladesh.
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A Study on Effective Welfare Policy Implementation in Bangladesh
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