Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells linking innate and adaptive immunity. The surface molecule expression, production of cytokine, and lymphocyte-stimulating capacity of DCs are dependent on DC maturation triggered by bacterial cell wall components including wall teichoic acid (WTA), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and peptidoglycan (PGN). Among those cell wall components, role of WTA in the DC maturation has not been fully understood. In the present study, ethanol-killed S. aureus wild-type remarkably induced the expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD83, CD86, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, MHC class II, PD-L1 and PD-L2 in human monocyte-derived DCs. In addition, Wild-type S. aureus significantly induced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-1β. In contrast, WTA-deficient S. aureus (ΔtagO) failed to induce the expression of such molecules and cytokines under the same condition. Wild-type S. aureus-stimulated DCs significantly increased the expression of T cell activation markers, CD25 and MHC class ΙΙ, and T cell proliferation when DCs were co-cultured with PBMC. However, ΔtagO-stimulated DCs weakly induced the T cell activation and proliferation under the same condition. Wild-type S. aureus-stimulated DCs also increased interferon-γ and IL-10 expression in PBMC but ΔtagO-stimulated DCs could not. Expression of T cell activation markers, T cell proliferation and cytokine-producing ability of PBMC were restored by DCs stimulated with pStagO. Collectively, WTA might be an important cell wall component of S. aureus in the differentiation and activation of DCs.
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Phenotypes and functions of human dendritic cells stimulated with teichoic acid-deficient staphylococcus aureus
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