RNA silencing processes have a variety of functions, including gene expression control. These processes, such as the RNA interference and microRNA pathways use small RNAs that play crucial roles in regulating gene expression. However, small RNAs cannot work alone. They should, with Argonaute proteins and other cofactors, form RISCs (RNA-induced silencing complex) to do their gene silencing functions. Although overall the mechanism of RNA silencing processes is well understood, many molecular details of these pathways are not. Here, by using single-molecule fluorescence resonance transfer (FRET) assays and human Argonaute 2 (hAgo2), we monitor the molecular details and kinetics of RNA silencing pathways.