Present-day treatment of mixed waste water has several shortcomings: high amounts of resources, including drinking water, are consumed, valuable nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen or potassium are lost to the environment and micro pollutants are eliminated insufficiently. Source separation of urine, which contributes most of the nutrients to waste water, is a promising alternative.However, the nutrients in urine might not be available in a convenient form for fertilizers. Furthermore, urine contains micro pollutants such as synthetic hormones, pharmaceuticals and their metabolites. These substances are mainly excreted via urine and may be harmful to the ecosystems and human health. Today, many micro pollutants reach the aquatic environment, because their degradation in waste water treatment plants is poor.Urine treatment might be necessary to produce an adequate fertilizer, but it might also be a suitable method to prevent the pollution of the environment with micro pollutants. Developing a treatment method requires the knowledge about the concentration and behavior of the nitrogen compounds in urine. During separation, storage and transport, urine is subject to several spontaneous processes such as urea hydrolysis, which change the urine composition significantly.In this research fate of nitrogen in pure urine has been investigated. Also based on a wisdom learned from ancient Persian urine samples have been mixed with acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate and changes in fate of nitrogen and its effect in reducing odor of urine has been studied.
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Fate of Nitrogen in Urine Separated Toilet Systems
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