Urban flood is a serious problem in many of China’s cities as a result of unfettered urbanization. The Chinese government proposed Sponge City project (SPC) in 2014 to address the problem as well as promote sustainable water management. However, some barriers of SPC, such as limited green space and fund shortage, make the preliminary results unsatisfactory. Rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) has the potential ability to reduce the urban runoff, relieving the pressure on the municipal sewer system. In addition, rainwater could be an alternative water source as a solution for water scarcity. Yet RWHS has not got much attention in China and there is only limited literature. In this study the different rainfall sequences (design rainfall, average daily rainfall, and real daily rainfall) are used to investigate the performance of flood mitigation based on water balance simulation, besides the shortage of data selection in current research is discussed quantitatively and the appropriate input data sets are chosen for further evaluation. The flooding mitigation and water saving effectiveness of SPC are estimated by using short and intensified design storm, as well as the real daily rainfall respectively, while the proper tank size is defined and applied in selected 31 cities, for evaluating the possibly enhanced efficiency after the construction of RHWS. It is seen that both of flood mitigation and water saving performances are positively affected by adding rainwater tanks all over the country. Then economic factor is included in the optimization analysis to search the optimal solutions for the design of SPC and RWHS, and the established method would be a good tool to give some suggestions for future construction of rainwater facilities.
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Multi-objective Optimization of Micro-catchment Rainwater management to Improve the Sponge City Project in China
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