Uncertainty in transmission line based calibration techniques for microwave measurements are studied with the aim of identifying the optimum calibration conditions. Variation in the determined error parameters under certain conditions in Through Reflect Line (TRL) calibration method due to variation in the unknown reflection coefficient are analyzed experimentally and theoretically. It is found that measured uncertainty is minimized when the reflection standard is either a short or an open. The TRL calibration method is compared withthe Through-Line (TL) calibration procedure. The major causes of uncertainties inherent in TRL calibration are absent in the TL calibration technique due to the synthesized reflection standard.
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Error analysis of Through Reflect Line method for calibrating microwave measurements.