Interactions and Compatibility of Late-Season Pest Management Practices in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Digitaria sanguinalis;large crabgrass;Senna obtusifolia;sicklepod;peanut;Arachis hypogaea;agrichemical compatibility

Hans, Sarah Renee ; David L. Jordan, Committee Chair,Hans, Sarah Renee ; David L. Jordan ; Committee Chair

University:North Carolina State University

关键词: Digitaria sanguinalis;    large crabgrass;    Senna obtusifolia;    sicklepod;    peanut;    Arachis hypogaea;    agrichemical compatibility;   

Others  :  https://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/bitstream/handle/1840.16/1334/etd.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

美国|英语

来源: null

【 摘 要 】

Peanut production in North Carolina requires multiple agrichemicals to control pests in order to optimize yield.Research was conducted during 2002 and 2003 to evaluate interactions of late-season pest management practices in peanut.Field experiments evaluated broadleaf signalgrass [Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb). Nash], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], entireleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacaea var integriuscula Gray ), tall morningglory [Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth], and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia L. Irwin and Barneby) control by two-, three-, and four-way combinations of many of the agrichemicals registered for use in peanut.Clethodim and sethoxydim were applied in annual grass experiments; 2,4-DB was applied toentireleaf morningglory and sicklepod.Fungicides evaluated were azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorothalonil, fluazinam, propiconazole plus trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole.The insecticides acephate, carbaryl, esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, lambda cyhalothrin, methomyl, and indoxacarb were included in other experiments.Foliar-applied boron fertilizer and the plant growth regulator prohexadione calcium were also evaluated.In additional field experiments, sicklepod control, seed production, and germination as affected by combinations of 2,4-DB and fungicides applied from preflowering to pod-fill growth stages were evaluated.The influence of morningglory on fungicide deposition and subsequent early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori) and web blotch [Phoma arachidicola (Marsas et al.)] control was also evaluated in field experiments.Laboratory experiments with 14C-clethodim and 14C-sethoxydim were conducted to evaluate graminicide absorption in large crabgrass applied alone or in mixture with selected fungicides.Large crabgrass and broadleaf signalgrass control by clethodim and sethoxydim was not reduced by esfenvalerate, indoxacarb, or lambda-cyhalothrin.Azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorothalonil, and pyraclostrobin reduced large crabgrass control by clethodim at two, one, three, and four of five sites, respectively.Large crabgrass control by sethoxydim was reduced by azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorothalonil, and pyraclostrobin at three, one, one, and four of four sites, respectively.Prohexadione calcium and boron improved large crabgrass control with combinations of clethodim and fungicides in some, but not all, experiments.In contrast, prohexadione calcium and boron did not affect broadleaf signalgrass or large crabgrass control by sethoxydim.Fluazinam, propiconazole plus trifloxystrobin, and tebuconazole did not affect clethodim or sethoxydim efficacy when compared with the herbicides applied alone.In experiments evaluating the influence of graminicide rate on large crabgrass control by mixtures of clethodim or sethoxydim with chlorothalonil, increasing the graminicide rate increased control, regardless of fungicide.In laboratory experiments, absorption of 14C was less when 14C-clethodim and 14C-sethoxydim were applied with chlorothalonil.Pyraclostrobin and chlorothalonil did not affect absorption of 14C-clethodim or 14C-sethoxydim.The fungicides azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorothalonil, fluazinam, propiconazole plus trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, or tebuconazole and the insecticides acephate, carbaryl, esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, lambda cyhalothrin, methomyl, or indoxacarb did not reduce sicklepod control by 2,4-DB when compared with 2,4-DB alone.In one experiment, sicklepod control by 2,4-DB applied with pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, boron, or prohexadione calcium exceeded that of 2,4-DB applied alone.In a second experiment, sicklepod control was less when applied with azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, and chlorothalonil plus boron.Sicklepod control was greatest when 2,4-DB was applied at the preflower growth stage regardless of fungicide treatment.Seed production and germination were reduced when 2,4-DB was applied at the full flower (81 days after emergence) and initial flower (85 days after emergence) growth stages in 2002 and 2003, respectively.Applying 2,4-DB prior to flowering or at pod set and pod fill did not affect sicklepod seed production or germination.Entireleaf morningglory control by 2,4-DB was not reduced by azoxystrobin, boscalid chlorothalonil, fluazinam, propiconazole plus trifloxystrobin, or tebuconazole relative to the herbicide applied alone.Pyraclostrobin reduced entireleaf morningglory control by 2,4-DB.None of the four-way combinations evaluated reduced tall morningglory control by 2,4-DB.The influence of morningglory interference on fungicide deposition was also evaluated in 2002 and 2003.Artificial morningglory at densities of 1 plant/3 m of row did not influence peanut defoliation caused by early leaf spot and web blotch or pod yield.