Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in gestational diabetes mellitus and survival in tobacco smokers.

porphyromonas gingivalis;GDM;systemic inflammation;common inherently essential genes;conditional essential genes

Himabindu Gogeneni

University:University of Louisville

Department:Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies

关键词: porphyromonas gingivalis;    GDM;    systemic inflammation;    common inherently essential genes;    conditional essential genes;   

Others  :  https://ir.library.louisville.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3931&context=etd

美国|英语

来源: The Universite of Louisville's Institutional Repository

【 摘 要 】

This thesis contains a clinical project and distinct basic science project. Gestational diabetes mellitus occurs in 4% of pregnancies and increases the risk of birth defects, pre-term birth, and miscarriage. Gingivitis during pregnancy also increases the risk for poor pregnancy outcome. Gingivitis is a bacterial-induced disease, and specific plaque pathogens have been associated with systemic sequelae to periodontal inflammation. Therefore, we set out to monitor oral infection with three key periodontopathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Filifactor alocis, and Treponema denticola) and the systemic inflammatory burden [C-reactive protein (CRP) in pregnant women with and without gingivitis and gestational diabetes. Gingivitis during pregnancy leads to a dramatic increase in systemic CRP (mean 8116 vs. 2495 ng/ml, p < 0.01), as determined by Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA). As expected, gingivitis during pregnancy was associated with oral infection with P. gingivalis, F. alocis and T. denticola and combinations thereof (all p < 0.01), as determined by salivary PCR. Gestational diabetes mellitus was also associated with increased infection with individual and multiple periodontopathogens, including P. gingivalis. Thus, diabetes and gingivitis act in concert to increase risk biomarkers for poor pregnancy outcome. Actual pregnancy outcomes in the study population are currently being monitored. The majority of cases of chronic periodontitis in developed nations are tobacco-related. For periodontal pathogens, such as P. gingivalis, to induce or exacerbate periodontal diseases in smokers, they must first be able to survive the highly complex composite toxic insult represented by cigarette smoke. While it is clear that P. gingivalis is resistant to high doses of cigarette smoke and tobacco constituents, the survival mechanisms are entirely unknown. Therefore, we first generated a P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 transposon sequencing (Tn-Seq, Library 1) and determined the putative minimal essential genome for in vitro growth in complex media in conjunction with a separate P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 Tn-Seq library generated by Klein et al. (Library 2). In all, 281 genes (61%) identified by Library 1 were common to Library 2. Many of these common genes are involved in crucial metabolic pathways, notably pyrimidine cycling as well as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Also in common are genes encoding heat-shock protein homologs, sigma factors, enzymes with proteolytic activity, and the majority of Sec-related protein export genes. In addition to facilitating a better understanding of critical physiological processes, transposon-sequencing technology has the potential to identify novel strategies for the control of P. gingivalis