Yevgeny Yevtushenko wrote five poems that critiqued Soviet society. The poems, on topics as diverse as anti-Semitism, the suppression of humor, the mistreatment of women, state repression, and bureaucracy, were written at separate times and for different reasons, and were not conceived of expressing a larger message. Dmitri Shostakovich perceived that, despite their disparate topics, the poems could be connected to express a larger critical message. Shostakovich connected the texts musically through tonal and motivic relationships between movements. As a result of these musical connections, the different critiques of the poems were connected. Shostakovich also paraphrased other compositions, referencing music outside the symphony as a metaphor for the universal nature of the text's criticisms. These connections create the musical cohesion that makes the work a symphony, and also relate the various poems in order to express a larger critique of the Soviet regime and way of life.
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Shostakovich, Yevtushenko, and criticism in the Thirteenth Symphony.