Spatiotemporal organization, regulation and function of traction during neutrophil chemotaxis

Neutrophil Chemotaxis;Traction;Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase;Myosin Type II;Cell Adhesion;Cell Motility;Mechanotransduction

Shin, Myung Eun

关键词: Neutrophil Chemotaxis;    Traction;    Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase;    Myosin Type II;    Cell Adhesion;    Cell Motility;    Mechanotransduction;   

Others  :  https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/29509/Shin_MyungEun.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

美国|英语

来源: The Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship

【 摘 要 】

Despite recent advances in our understanding of biochemical regulation of neutrophilchemotaxis, little is known about how mechanical factors control neutrophils’ persistent polarity and rapid motility. Here, by using a human neutrophil-like cell line and human primary neutrophils, we describe a dynamic spatiotemporal pattern of tractions in neutrophils during chemotaxis. Tractions are located at both the leading and the trailing edge of neutrophils, where they oscillate with a defined periodicity. Interestingly, traction oscillations at the leading and the trailing edge are out of phase with the tractions at the front leading those at the back, suggesting a temporal mechanism that coordinates leadingedge and trailing edge activities. The magnitude and periodicity of tractions depend upon the activity of non-muscle myosin IIA. Specifically, traction development at the leading edge requires myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-mediated myosin II contractility and isnecessary for α5β1-integrin activation and leading edge adhesion. Localized myosin IIactivation induced by spatially activated small GTPase Rho and its downstream kinase p160-ROCK, as previously reported, leads to contraction of actin-myosin II complexes at the trailing edge, causing it to de-adhere. Our data identify a key biomechanicalmechanism for persistent cell polarity and motility.