A framework for analyzing the sustainability of peer produced science commons

Science policy;Commons;Peer-production;Polycentric;Governance;Sustainability;Data curation;Science software;International Comprehensive Ocean and Atmosphere (ICOADS);Intellectual property;Knowledge commons

Weber, Nicholas Matthew

关键词: Science policy;    Commons;    Peer-production;    Polycentric;    Governance;    Sustainability;    Data curation;    Science software;    International Comprehensive Ocean and Atmosphere (ICOADS);    Intellectual property;    Knowledge commons;   

Others  :  https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/88062/WEBER-DISSERTATION-2015.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

美国|英语

来源: The Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship

【 摘 要 】

Contemporary research and development settings are increasingly collaborativeand cooperative. Collaborative in the sense that they bring togetherexperts from different scientific and technical cultures in order to addressgrand challenge science problems (e.g. climate change). Cooperative in thesense that the research objects produced by and used in these collaborationsare broadly shared.Successful long-term collaborations aren't an accident - they require purposefulcoordination, clear communication, and adjustments made to bothhuman and technical infrastructures over time. Similarly, successful longtermcooperation requires the ability to design governance and enforce rules related to access, use, and ownership over shared resources.Traditional approaches to the governance of scientific research struggleto accommodate these novel forms of collaboration and cooperation. Forexample, - A marketplace model creates individual property rights through limitedmonopolies, and- A state-based model develops regulatory policies based on a single centralizedauthority.A third model, the commons, mixes elements of both the market andthe state in providing a broad framework for cooperative resource sharing.The commons has proven to be an effective governance strategy for sustaining shared environmental resource systems, such as fisheries, pastures, and forests. This dissertation explores the commons as a governance model forsustaining shared resources in cooperative scientific research settings. It asks how governance models used in cooperative research settings change overtime and how,in practice, those models differ between domains of knowledge production. The relationship between sustainability, cooperation, andgovernance is explored through two sets of studies:- A longitudinal case study of the International Comprehensive Oceanand Atmosphere (ICOADS), a collaborative project in climate science,is developed to give an account of how a governance model evolves overtime. - Drawing upon previously completed case studies of governance in astronomy,biomedical, and genomic research settings, a comparative accountis developed to show how governance differs between domains ofknowledge production.In conducting these studies, an empirical framework is developed for analyzingdifferent characteristics of a governance model. A number of conceptsfrom sociotechnical systems development are also addressed, including thepeering of provision and production activities in contemporary research settings,polycentric models of governance, and the emergence of new types ofcommons models, including the knowledge commons.The results of this dissertation demonstrate that analytical frameworks(similar to those used in socioecological systems) can produce reliable empiricaldata about sustainability in a sociotechnical realm. In turn this data canbe used for a comparative study of sustainability in the sociotechnical systemsused by contemporary science research and development. The results ofthis dissertation also hold a number of important implications for science andtechnology policy, including the efficacy of using a standardized fram