The purpose of this study was to investigate overlap between items that are intended to measure withdrawal, burnout, counterproductive work behavior, and job boredom. This substantive validity analysis examined the content of items used to measure boredom, burnout, CWB, and withdrawal. We found that 38% of the items were judged to represent multiple constructs. Most of the overlap existed between boredom and burnout items, followed by withdrawal items but each construct had at least one item that was perceived as confounded. The results indicate a need to revisit and resolve conceptual and operational overlap between the constructs, as the empirical relationships among the constructs are likely affected.
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A substantive validity study: An evaluation of withdrawal, burnout, boredom, and CWB item overlap