Constructing control in the global shipping industry : the development of regulations for CO₂ emissions

Shipping--Environmental aspects;Shipping--Government policy;Carbon dioxide mitigation;Maritime law

MacNeill-Weir, Alison Elizabeth ; Russell, Shona ; Russell, Shona

University:University of St Andrews

Department:Management (School of )

关键词: Shipping--Environmental aspects;    Shipping--Government policy;    Carbon dioxide mitigation;    Maritime law;   

Others  :  https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/10023/17832/AlisonMacNeill-WeirPhDThesis.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

来源: DR-NTU

【 摘 要 】

Shipping transports between 80-90% of world trade (Smith et al. 2015). In 2012 theindustry accounted for around 3% of global emissions with a predicted increase ofbetween 50 and 250% by 2050 (Scott et al, 2017). As such, the question of how toregulate Shipping’s CO₂ emissions in line with international climate change agreements(e.g. the Paris Agreement) is of major concern.Current CO₂ regulations have been criticized as ineffective (Devanney 2010) withgrowing calls for new regulations (Cullinane & Cullinane 2013; Wan et al. 2018).Existing literature on the regulation of Shipping tends towards impact assessments,scientific critiques and general overviews. This thesis contributes an ethnography of thedevelopment of new regulations. Ontologically constructionist, the research is guidedby Actor-Network Theory, chosen for its applicability in scientific and technicalcommunities, appreciation of non-human agency and its conceptualization of controlthrough networked heterogeneity. The thesis follows development of new regulations inthe Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of the International MaritimeOrganization (IMO). Directed by two questions ‘What actors constitute the MEPC?’and ‘How does it create regulations?’ the thesis offers an account of the actors andprocesses that enable the construction of control over Shipping emissions. This accountis produced from observational, interview, documentary and photographic data.The study contributes to the limited literature on Shipping regulation in three ways: (i)examining actor-roles in the network; (ii) illustrating network convergence informed bysociological framings of translation (Callon 1986a) and treason (Galis & Lee 2013);and (iii) tracing the agential qualities of concepts and principles enacted and acting inthe MEPC. Their shared characteristics are distilled to create the typology: Meta-actorwhich strengthens the descriptive capabilities of ANT, extends the core principle ofsymmetry, facilitates new identifications of networked power, and illustrates a linkbetween influence and vulnerability. Overall the thesis shows how a heterogeneousnetwork of actors converges to produce regulation for the reduction of CO₂ emissionsfrom Shipping.