Wind and solar power account for half of newly installed electricity generationcapacity worldwide. Due to falling technology costs, this trend is expected tocontinue despite the global economic turmoil and uncertainty over policy incentivesfor these fledgling sectors. A sizable portion of this capacity is connected tosub-transmission networks that typically have mesh configurations and are characterizedby resistive lines (i.e. lines with X=R4). The resistivity of subtransmissionnetworks creates a strong coupling between power flows and voltagemagnitudes that is atypical in high-voltage transmission systems. In the presenceof generation variability, this can lead to extreme voltages, unacceptable voltagefluctuations, unusual (active and reactive) power flow patterns throughout thenetwork, line congestions and increased losses. This can also cause excessivetap-changing operation of transformers with On-Load Tap Changers (OLTCs).These issues can be substantially mitigated with flexible methods of network operation and control. This dissertation examines the impact of variable embedded generation on the voltage profile, structural stability and the OLTC operation of the DTE/ITC network serving Eastern Michigan. It introduces a number of tools and methods to analyze the impact of variable generation in meshed resistive networks. It investigates how network resistivity transforms the impact of the reactive compensation, associated with variable generation, on the structural stability of the system. Finally an optimal voltage control scheme is presented to better coordinate the voltage regulation of variable generation with OLTCs, reduce network losses and enhance the structural stability of the system. The scheme is a model predictive control with an equivalent mixed integer formulation which models the hybrid dynamics of OLTC tap operations.
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Integration of Utility-Scale Variable Generation into Resistive Networks.
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