【 摘 要 】
Strongcircumstantialevidencefromlaboratoryandtheoreticalstudiessuggeststhatsublethalparasiteburdenscaninfluencehostpopulationdynamicswhetheractingaloneorinconjunctionwithreducedfoodavailability.Thesignificanceoftheseeffectshasrarelybeenexaminedinnaturalenvironments.Thisstudyaimstoexaminetheinteractiveeffectsofavianmalarialhaemoparasiteinfectionsandfoodsupplementationinafoodlimitedfree‐livingpopulationofMountainWhite‐crownedSparrows(Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha)breedinginGunnisonNationalForest,Gothic,CO.Toanalyzetheeffectsofhaemoparasites(Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon, andHaemoproteus)andfoodsupplementationonmultipleaspectsofreproductivesuccess,weanalyzedbloodsmeardata(todetermineinfectionstatus)andmanipulatedsparrowfoodavailability.Duringtheearlybreedingseason,whennaturalfoodavailabilityisespeciallyscarceduetoresidualsnowpackandfrequentspringsnowstorms,supplementalfoodwasprovidedonselectplots.Wequantifiedtheimpactofhaemoparasiteinfectionandfoodsupplementationonreproductivesuccessbyevaluating:dailynestsurvival(DNS),clutchsize,probabilityoftheclutchhatching,probabilityofthenestlingsfledging,andoffspringquality.Ourdataunderscoretheimpactsofavianmalariaonthereproductivesuccessofafree‐livingavianpopulationwheremalariaisendemic.Mostofthenegativeeffectsofmalariainfectionsareobservedinyoung‐rearingphase.Inaddition,wedocumentedasupportedstrongpositiveeffectoffoodsupplementation,whichhoweverwasrestrictedtotheincubationphase.Therewasnoeffectofinfectionorfoodsupplementationonclutchsize,oronthequalityofthefledged(quantifiedasyoungmassortarsuslength).Interestingly,wedidnotdetectanyinteractionsbetweenfoodsupplementationandbloodparasitecoinfectioninanymetricsofreproductivesuccess,dailynestsurvival,oroffspringquality.
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Effects of Haemoparsite Infection and Food Supplementation on a High Elevation Passerine Bird |
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