Portion of Chapter 1: Introduction - Pregnant women who experience high levels of stress are at risk for adverse birth outcomes such as preterm delivery (baby born <37 weeks), low birth weight (baby weighing <2,500g) and infant Mortality (Mulder, Medina, Van den Bergh, Buitelar and Visser 2002; Forde 1993; Lobel 1994; Alio, Bond, Padilla, Heidelbaugh, Lu and Parker 2011).Stress can be defined as a person;;s response to internal and external factors that influence physical and mental health leading to a chemical imbalance in the body.In the United States, low birth weight (<2,500g) and preterm delivery (<37 weeks) are the leading causes of infant death for African American infants (Dominguez, Dunkel, Glynn, Hobel, and Sandman 2012; Lobel 1994; Norebeck and Anderson 1989; Chen, Grobman, Gollen and Borders 2012).
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The Impact of Paternal Support on Maternal Stress among Pregnant African American Women