Three Essays on Relationships in International Trade.

International Trade;Firm Relationships;Economics;Business and Economics;Economics

Monarch, Ryan P.Deardorff, Alan V. ;

University of Michigan

关键词: International Trade;    Firm Relationships;    Economics;    Business and Economics;    Economics;   

Others  :  https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/108913/monarchr_1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

瑞士|英语

来源: The Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship

【 摘 要 】

In a time of greatly improved long-distance transportation technology, low tariffs, and continued strengthening of economic links between countries, scholars of international trade have turned to their attention to factors influencing companies that take part in international business.This dissertation consists of three studies that explore how relationships these firms have with other firms around the world influence trade flows and prices, as well as company-level employment, wages, output, and which products to buy.The first chapter, ``It;;s Not You, It;;s Me: Breakups in U.S.-China Trade Relationships;;uses confidential U.S. Customs data on U.S. importers and their Chinese exporters to investigate the frictions from changing exporting partners.High costs from switching partners can affect the efficiency of buyer-supplier matches by impeding the movement of importers from high to lower cost exporters.I test the significance of this channel using data which identifies firms on both sides of an international trade relationships.I propose and structurally estimate a dynamic discrete choice model of exporter choice.Halving switching improves match efficiency and leads to a 12.5% decrease in the U.S.-China Import Price Index.The second chapter, ``Gains from Offshoring?Evidence from U.S. Microdata;;, joint with Jooyoun Park and Jagadeesh Sivadasan,assesses how offshoring impacts domestic firm-level aggregate employment,output, wages and productivity. Offshoring firms are on average larger and more productive compared to non-offshorers. However, we find that offshorers suffer from a large decline in employment and output relative to their peers even in the long run.The third chapter, ``Learning and the Value of Relationships in International Trade;;, joint with Tim Schmidt-Eisenlohr, explores the value to firms of being in relationships.Over half of the time importers adjust their source for a product, it is to a ``familiar;; exporter, meaning either an exporter used for that same product previously, or to one used for separate product purchases.43% of new product purchases also come from familiar exporters.These results point to the importance of reputation and information asymmetries.We explore this channel through a model of supplier learning, creating estimates for the extent to which relationships influence trade flows.