Aversive Control of Behavior:Punishing Effects of Intravenous Nicotine in Rats.

Punishment;Nicotine;Rat;Aversive;Pharmacy and Pharmacology;Health Sciences;Pharmacology

Truong, Yen Nhu-ThiDomino, Edward F. ;

University of Michigan

关键词: Punishment;    Nicotine;    Rat;    Aversive;    Pharmacy and Pharmacology;    Health Sciences;    Pharmacology;   

Others  :  https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/108959/nyt_1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

瑞士|英语

来源: The Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship

【 摘 要 】

The behavioral effects of nicotine vary widely, yet investigation of the aversive effects of nicotine has been limited. A careful examination of how the aversive effects of nicotine results in punishment of behavior may contribute to the understanding of the control of behavior by nicotine. The overall goal of these studies was to develop punishment procedures to evaluate the aversive effects of intravenous nicotine in rats. Using punishment procedures, rats were trained to respond on a lever that delivered sucrose pellets, then the effects of response-independent and -dependent nicotine injections on sucrose-reinforced lever responding were examined. Manipulation of behavioral and pharmacological parameters included the dose of nicotine delivered per injection (0.01-0.18 mg/kg), the behavioral alternatives to punished responding (reinforced or non-reinforced), and the delay of scheduled nicotine delivery. Antagonist studies were also conducted to elucidate the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(s) in mediating the punishing effects of nicotine. In general, sucrose was a reinforcer of lever responding, whereas nicotine dose-dependently decreased sucrose-reinforced lever responding, such that higher doses of nicotine were required to decrease lever responding when it was administered response-independently compared to its response-dependent delivery. Punishment by nicotine was attenuated if scheduled delivery of nicotine was delayed after a response, or if the behavioral alternative to punished responding did not deliver a positive reinforcer. While the punishing effects of nicotine are mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, the α4β2* subtype is not involved (as assessed by dihydro-beta-erythroidine administration). Punishment procedures can be used to study the aversive effects of nicotine in rats. Consideration of both the pharmacological and environmental conditions in which nicotine is self-administered may be important in determining the more general behavioral effects of nicotine.