Wandering is one of the most frequently encountered dementia-related behavioral disturbances and has been associated with negative consequences such as higher morbidity and mortality. In terms of relating factors of wandering, it has become increasingly clear that a close relationship exists between emotion, cognition, and behavior. However, little research has focused on the influence of emotion on wandering of people with dementia (PWD). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of emotion and cognition to wandering behaviors of PWD. This study applied a secondary data analysis utilizing a parent study that used a cross-sectional design with repeated measure nested within subjects. A total of 115 PWD in 17 nursing homes and six assisted living facilities in Michigan and Pennsylvania were included. Subjects were randomly assigned to six 20 minute observation periods,conducted on two non-consecutive days; their behaviors were videotaped.Poisson hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was utilized to determine factors associated with wandering. Positive emotional expression increased wandering rates whereas negative emotional expression and higher MMSE score decreased wandering rates after controlling for other predictors (i.e., age, education, gender, and time of day). Therefore, both positive/negative emotional expression and cognition influence wandering; a tailored intervention that addresses both emotional and cognitive functioning may be required to improve wandering behaviors of PWD.
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Relationship of Emotion and Cognition to Wandering Behaviors of People with Dementia.
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