Affective Bias, Chronophysiology, and Depression: Toward a Synthesis.

Depression;Sleep;Circadian Rhythms;Affective Processing;Decision Making;Psychology;Social Sciences;Psychology

Casement, Melynda D.Poe, Gina R. ;

University of Michigan

关键词: Depression;    Sleep;    Circadian Rhythms;    Affective Processing;    Decision Making;    Psychology;    Social Sciences;    Psychology;   

Others  :  https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/77900/mcasemen_1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

瑞士|英语

来源: The Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship

【 摘 要 】

Depression is associated with disruptions in affective processing and chronophysiology. However, the relationships between affective processing and chronophysiology are not well-described. This dissertation addresses critical gaps in the literature on affective bias in depression, the effects of circadian rhythms and sleep on affective processing, and organization of brain activity during sleep in depression.First, anticipation for future affective events was examined in individuals with dysthymia (DYS) and controls. Warning stimuli forecasted the affective valence of subsequently presented adjectives, and participants indicated whether each adjective would describe them over the next two weeks. Controls expected fewer negative, and individuals with DYS expected fewer positive, adjectives to apply to them in the future. Event-related potentials (ERP) indicated increased physiological anticipation in controls prior to positive versus other adjectives. In sum, controls and individuals with DYS exhibit different behavioral and neurophysiological biases in anticipation for future affective events. Second, the impact of time of day and sex on incentive-based decision making was assessed in controls. Participants completed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) either in the morning (08:00- 10:00) or evening (20:00- 22:00). Males had better IGT performance in the morning than evening. Furthermore, pre-session sleep duration was positively correlated with morning IGT performance in females, but not males. Overall sex differences in IGT performance were not observed. In sum, chronophysiology predicts decision making, but does so differently for females and males.Third, rhythms in bursts of beta- and delta-frequency activity during sleep were characterized in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and controls. Period amplitude analysis (PAA) quantified the percent time in beta- and delta-frequency activity across a night of sleep, and power spectral analyses (PSA) applied to PAA results quantified the rhythmicity of activity bursts. Participant sex, rather than diagnosis, predicted PSA results. In sum, bursts in beta- and delta-frequency activity during sleep are less predictably organized in females than males.Together, these studies provide a foundation for integrative research on affective processing, chronophysiology, and depression. They also indicate that sex differences in sleep and circadian rhythms are important to consider when evaluating decision making skill and organization of brain activity.