Correspondence computations in visual cognition

Visual cognition;visual working memory;multiple object tracking;correspondence problems;vision;Psychology

Bae, Gi YeulGross, Steven ;

Johns Hopkins University

关键词: Visual cognition;    visual working memory;    multiple object tracking;    correspondence problems;    vision;    Psychology;   

Others  :  https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/bitstream/handle/1774.2/37062/BAE-DISSERTATION-2014.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

瑞士|英语

来源: JOHNS HOPKINS DSpace Repository

【 摘 要 】

15 behavioral experiments were conducted to investigate the role of objectcorrespondence computations in visual cognition. Correspondence computations refer,here, to algorithms that identify relationships between objects in temporally separateencounters.In Experiment 1-5, I hypothesized that tracking failures occur because ofcorrespondence failures during close encounters of targets and nontargets. To test thisidea, I provided observers with different surface feature information to nontargetswhenever they approached within 4° of a target (Experiment 1). This manipulationsignificantly improved performance by alleviating correspondence challenges. Twocontrol experiments showed that this color change benefit is not merely due to targetrecovery (Experiment 2 and 4). A follow-up experiment measured the distance at whichobjects correspondence becomes challenging (Experiment 3). And an additionalexperiment demonstrated that the overall frequency of target-nontarget close encounterspredict human performance (Experiment 5).Experiment 6-10 explored the role of object correspondence in the context ofspatial working memory. Experiment 6 supplied evidence of object correspondences in atypical spatial working memory task through a trial specific analysis. In addition, a modelthat implements correspondence algorithms successfully predicted human performancewithout assuming any independent memory-related limits. Experiments 7 and 8employed a preview display that indirectly provided information about memory locationto be tested. This manipulation improved SWM performance dramatically (e.g.performance with 8 objects were comparable to 2 objects). A control experiment showedthat the improved performance is not due to mere reactivation of memory representations (Experiment 9). Additional experiment showed that object colors do not supportcorrespondence computations in this context.Experiment 11-15 employed integral features to prevent correspondence failuresin a visual working memory task. I reasoned that integral features can be used to solvecorrespondence problems by preventing confusions between objects. Experiment 11 and12 independently identified integral features using perceptual sorting experiments. Whenthese features were used in change judgment tasks, working memory with two objectsproduced performance as precise as with one (Experiments 13-15).Taken together, these results suggest that object correspondence play a crucial role in theconstraints typically observed in visual cognition.