Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising candidate for inflammatory modulation and disease amelioration, especially of neuro-inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Auto-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells acquire pathogenic IFNγ-producing- (Type I) and IL-17A-producing- (Type 17) effector phenotypes in MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Although MSCs have been extensively demonstrated to suppress pathogenic effector CD4+ T cells and CD4+ T cell-mediated EAE, surprisingly few studies have addressed their modulation of effector CD8+ T cells represented in MS or their impact on CD8+ T cell-mediated EAE. We find that MSCs differentially modulate CD8+ T cell development depending on effector T cell subtype. MSCs drive activated low-IFNγ producers toward an enhanced high-IFNγ Tc1-like phenotype but strongly inhibit the production of IL-17A and Tc17 polarization in vitro.These observations are underscored by differential MSCs modulation of T cell activation, proliferation, and signature transcription factor up-regulation. In addition, effector CD8+ T cells co-cultured with MSCs exhibited increased production of IL-2, a molecule known to enhance IFNγ, yet suppress IL-17A, production. Based on these in vitro effects on CD8+ T cells, we next evaluated their impact on the severity of EAE.To better evaluate CD8+ T cells, we immunized mice with MOG 37-50, which is a CD8-targeted epitope.Our results revealed a worsening of disease, consistent with their in vitro stimulation of Tc1 cells. These findings highlight the emerging duality of MSCs in immune modulation and provide implications for their future use in immune-related diseases.
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THE ROLE OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS ON EFFECTOR CD8+ T CELL DEVELOPMENT AND NEUROINFLAMMATORY AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
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