Comprehensive sanitary survey evaluation of high risk beaches in northern Wisconsin

Beaches;Escherichia coli;Water quality magement;Bacterial pollution of water;Water pollution

Busse, KimberlyKleinheinz, Greg ;

University of Wisconsin

关键词: Beaches;    Escherichia coli;    Water quality magement;    Bacterial pollution of water;    Water pollution;   

Others  :  https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/69685/Busse%2c%20Kimberly.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

瑞士|英语

来源: University of Wisconsin

【 摘 要 】

In 2008 13% of Great Lakes beaches exceeded health standards; approximately90% of those exceedances were attributed to unknown pollution sources. In this project,sanitary surveys were conducted at all impaired beaches [CWA, 303(d)] in Northern WIto identify pollution sources and drive mitigation. This project covered the entire LakeSuperior and northern Lake Michigan shoreline. One inland beach in northern Wisconsinas also selected to assess the transferability of the Great Lakes Beach sanitary survey toolto inland beaches (located on still or flowing waters). This project clearly addressed thegoal of identifying unknown pollution sources by not only investigating sources ofcontamination at numerous locations around Wisconsin, but also began the process ofplanning for the mitigation of these microbial contamination sources. In years one andtwo of this project sanitary surveys (SS) were conducted at all northern Wisconsinbeaches listed (and proposed) on the 303d list. Study beaches were located on thenorthern shore of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior, encompassing both rural and urbansettings and various stages within the investigative process (none to fairly extensivemonitoring with/without mitigation measures). The US EPA Sanitary Survey tools(routine and annual) were used to conduct site assessments for the purpose ofdetermining probable pollutant sources and suggesting mitigation measures. Datacollected as part of the sanitary survey process was entered into and archived within theWI ;;Beach Health;; website such that they were accessible for the construction ofpredictive models. In year three of the study, a sample plan was developed based onprevious years data to target potential pollution source identification. Based on threeyears of data, statistical analysis was conducted to identify sources at each of the tenbeaches selected. Source identification was the first step in the effort to improve waterquality at recreational beaches in Wisconsin.