Behind-the-Meter Compressed Air Energy Storage Feasibility and Applications

Anierobi, Chioma Christianaadvisor:Cañizares, Claudio ; advisor:Bhattacharya, Kankar ; affiliation1:Faculty of Engineering ; Cañizares, Claudio ; Bhattacharya, Kankar ;

University of Waterloo

关键词: Master Thesis;   

Others  :  https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/10012/14732/1/Anierobi_Chioma.pdf

瑞士|英语

来源: UWSPACE Waterloo Institutional Repository

【 摘 要 】

In many jurisdictions, commercial and industrial (C&I) customers are charged for theirenergy consumption as well as the power drawn from the grid at peak load hours. InOntario, the demand-based charge component of the electricity cost has been skyrocketing, and this cost often accounts for a significant portion of the overall operating cost oflarge customers. The Ontario Government in 2010 launched the Industrial ConservationInitiative (ICI) program which requires large customers (Class A) to pay a Global Adjustment (GA) charge, based on their percentage contribution in load during the top fivesystem peak load hours over a one-year base period. This offers enormous savings opportunity to many industrial customers by using strategies to reduce or offset their load duringthese system peak load hours. However, managing demand can be challenging when facedwith production constraints in areas of high-energy sensitive production lines where shortinterruptions are not permitted. Energy Storage System (ESS) offers the customer the capability to carry out its usual operations while simultaneously saving on the electricity billthrough demand reduction. ESS can provide electricity to the facility during system peakperiods to reduce the power drawn from the grid, while during non-peak price periods, theESS is recharged by harnessing the low-cost power.In this work, a detailed operations model of behind-the-meter Small Scale CompressedAir Energy Storage (SS-CAES) is developed for an industrial customer, with an existingwell/cavern that can be re-purposed for air storage. The developed optimization modelmanages the operation of the CAES facility to minimize electricity costs, determining thestorage energy output and the corresponding charging and discharging decisions of theSS-CAES system. Furthermore, a detailed economic analysis is carried out to examinefinancial viability of a practical behind-the-meter SS-CAES project. Some key parameterssuch as life cycle, CAES capacity and capital cost, and electricity price are considered forcarrying out a sensitivity analysis, and the results suggest that SS-CAES is economicallyviable in the current Ontario rate structure. It is shown that the cost of an SS-CAESproject and GA charges are the key determining factors for economic deployment of SS-CAES in Ontario.