Robust Bayesian Detection and Tracking of Lane Boundary Markings for Autonomous Driving

Autonomous Driving;Dynamic Bayesian Networks;Lane Detection;Semi-supervised Machine Learning

Smart, Michael

University of Waterloo

关键词: Autonomous Driving;    Dynamic Bayesian Networks;    Lane Detection;    Semi-supervised Machine Learning;   

Others  :  https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/10012/10454/1/Smart_Michael.pdf

瑞士|英语

来源: UWSPACE Waterloo Institutional Repository

【 摘 要 】

Lane detection is a fundamental and challenging task in autonomous driving and mustbe performed safely and robustly to avoid catastrophic failures. Current methods do notperform effectively in the challenging scenarios arising from degraded or worn lane markingsand preclude the broader deployment of autonomous driving technologies. Additionally,many methods lack provisions for safe failures, and will return false positive detections asthe strongest lane marking candidate instead of declaring that no lane marking was found.This work proposes several changes to the current state of the art in robust lane de-tection and tracking and builds on existing methods using Dynamic Bayesian Networkswith heuristic features. A new training approach is proposed for learning heuristic fea-ture distributions from unlabelled data with greatly reduced sensitivity to initialization.The null hypothesis is then reformulated to provide a fail-safe so that in the absence of asuccessful detection, the lane detection system will be able to declare a detection failureinstead of producing a high-risk false positive. The Bayesian Inference formulation usedin the current state of the art is then generalized to support different lane marking config-urations. Lastly, a stereo threshold filter is proposed as a method for reducing dangerousfalse positives caused by out-of-plane features.The proposed methods were tested against several datasets, including the new WAterlooRepresentative Roads (WARR) dataset, covering a 40 km route around the Waterloo regioncaptured at 3 Hz. When tested against the KITTI dataset, the proposed stereo filter has anegative predictive value of over 95% and provides a dramatic reduction in dangerous falsealarms. The proposed detection method is effective in scenarios that match the expectedsingle-lane road model and fails safely in 84% of the scenarios that do not adhere to theexpected model. Of the dangerous failures, approximately 90% were model failures andmay be corrected through use of a different detector within the proposed generalized formthat is more compatible with the failure scenario. Such a reduction in model failures coulddramatically reduce the rate of potentially dangerous failures and represents a significantimprovement on the state of the art.