The Effects of Population Structure on Employment and Productivity

Hervé Boulholi iOECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

关键词: demographics;    labour productivity;    aggregate employment;    quality of labour;   

DOI  :  https://doi.org/10.1787/225644583654

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: OECD iLibrary

【 摘 要 】

The composition of the working-age population can influence aggregate employment and average productivity because both employment rates and productivity levels vary across population groups. This paper assesses the quantitative importance of the working-age population broken down by age, gender and education in explaining differences in employment and productivity levels across countries. Differences in population structure are found to contribute importantly to variations in both labour utilisation and productivity performances. Combining these effects in a mechanical way, differences in the composition of the working-age population account for around a third of the gap in GDP per capita for Europe (EU15) vis-à-vis the United States, mainly due to differences in educational attainment.