The aim of this study is to assist thegovernment in this endeavor by focusing on selectedpriorities. The overarching objective of this report is topromote the mainstreaming and integration of climate relatedrisks in India's development policies and processes,where this is appropriate. The objectives and scope of workwere developed in close consultation with the Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests as the primary counterpart, across-section of concerned ministries and departments in thecentral government and in three selected states(Maharashtra, Orissa, and Andhra Pradesh), and scientificexperts from academic, policy and research institutions. Inthe states, the department of water resources, government ofOrissa, and the department of rural development and waterconservation, government of Maharashtra, supported theseassessments, reflecting a multi-sectoral interest in anddemand for adaptation solutions. The focus of this report ison vulnerabilities in natural resources and rurallivelihoods, which stand at the front line of climate changeimpacts. The approach was dictated by government priorities,which indicated the need to: (a) assess climate risks toagriculture and livelihoods in areas facing elevated andincreasing exposure to droughts and floods; (b) generatebetter information on current coping and climate riskmanagement strategies in response to droughts and floods;(c) develop and demonstrate the use of a climate modelingframework that can be used to identify future climate risks;and (d) use the information to assist in developing the keyelements of a forward looking adaptation plan that can helpimprove climate resilience and adaptive capacity.