Pension Reform : Issues and Prospects for Non-Financial Defined Contribution Schemes

Holzmann, Robert ; Palmer, Edward

Washington, DC:World Bank

关键词: ACTUARIAL NEUTRALITY;    AGE GROUP;    AGE GROUPS;    AVERAGE WAGE;    BALANCE SHEET;   

DOI  :  10.1596/978-0-8213-6038-5
RP-ID  :  35347

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

The previous decade has been one ofpension reform throughout the world. In high incomecountries, the driving force has been the threat thatcurrent systems will become unaffordable in coming decades,with demographic developments presenting a major risk. Inanother setting, countries in the process of transition froma command, to a market economy are confronted with thechallenge of introducing a public pension system that willprovide social security in old age, but that also supportsthe fundamentals of a market economy. In the latter sense,it is important to examine carefully the experiences ofdeveloped market economies. Even in these countries, thedriving force behind reform is demographic change andaffordability. In a third setting, middle and lower-middleincome countries are faced with the question of what systemwill best serve the interests of their specific countrygoals for the future. In all of these settings"NDC"-non-financial defined contribution-pensionschemes have been on the agenda in discussions of possibleoptions. Sweden is one of the few countries to haveimplemented an NDC scheme in the 1990s, when NDC came intoits own as a concept, implemented in four European Union(EU) countries (Italy, Latvia, and Poland are the otherthree). NDC has become a reform option considered by manycountries, understandably since most of Europe has apay-as-you-go tradition, and NDC constitutes a new way to"organize" a mandatory, universal pay-as-you-gopension system. With some experience of NDC schemesimplemented, it is felt particularly relevant for Sweden tohost a conference devoted to discussing both the conceptualand institutional aspects of NDC. The goal was even moreambitious, however: to contribute to creating a synthesis ofcurrent knowledge on this new topic. This book is therealization of that goal. It comprises discussion papers onthe status of NDC, its concept and the reform strategiesthat follow. Papers also discuss the conceptual issues ofdesign and implementation , lessons from countries with NDCcontribution schemes, and finalizes on the potential of NDCcontribution schemes in other countries' reforms.