The Global HIV Epidemics among MenWho Have Sex with Men

Beyrer, Chris ; Wirtz, Andrea L. ; Walker, Damian ; Johns, Benjamin ; Sifakis, Frangiscos ; Baral, Stefan D.

World Bank

关键词: ACCESS TO CONDOMS;    ACCESS TO TREATMENT;    ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME;    ADULT POPULATION;    AGE DISTRIBUTION;   

DOI  :  10.1596/978-0-8213-8726-9
RP-ID  :  62261

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Men who have sex with Men (MSM) arecurrently at marked risk for HIV infection in Low- andMiddle-Income Countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa, LatinAmerica and the Caribbean, and in Eastern Europe and CentralAsia. Estimates of HIV prevalence rates have beenconsistently higher among MSM than for the generalpopulation of reproductive-age men virtually wherever MSMhave been well studied. Although scarce, HIV incidence datasupport findings of high acquisition and transmission risksamong MSM in multiple contexts, cultural settings, andeconomic levels. Research among MSM in LMICs has beenlimited by the criminalization and social stigmatization ofthese behaviors, the safety considerations for studyparticipants, the hidden nature of these populations, and alack of targeted funding. Available evidence from thesecountries suggests that structural risks social, economic,political, or legal factors in addition to individual-levelrisk factors are likely to play important roles in shapingHIV risks and treatment and care options for these men.Services and resources for populations of MSM remainmarkedly low in many settings. They have limited coverageand access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and careservices with some estimates suggesting that fewer than onein ten MSM worldwide have access to the most basic packageof preventive interventions.