Climate Change and Migration : Evidence from the Middle East and North Africa

Wodon, Quentin ; Liverani, Andrea ; Joseph, George ; Bougnoux, Nathalie

Washington, DC:World Bank

关键词: AFFECTED COMMUNITIES;    AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION;    AIR;    AIR POLLUTION;    ALLOCATION;   

DOI  :  10.1596/978-0-8213-9971-2
RP-ID  :  89371

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Climate change is a major source ofconcern in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region,and migration is often understood as one of severalstrategies used by households to respond to changes inclimate and environmental conditions, including extremeweather events. This study focuses on the link betweenclimate change and migration. Most micro-level studiesmeasure climate change either by the incidences of extremeweather events or by variation in temperature or rainfall. Afew studies have found that formal and informal institutionsas well as policies also affect migration. Institutions thatmake government more responsive to households (for examplethrough public spending) discourage both international anddomestic migration in the aftermath of extreme weatherevents. Migration is often an option of last resort aftervulnerable rural populations attempting to cope with new andchallenging circumstances have exhausted other options suchas eating less, selling assets, or removing children fromschool. This study is based in large part on new datacollected in 2011 in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria, and theRepublic of Yemen. The surveys were administered byin-country partners to a randomly selected set of 800households per country. It is also important to emphasizethat neither the household survey results nor the findingsfrom the qualitative focus groups are meant to berepresentative of the five countries in which the work wascarried, since only a few areas were surveyed in eachcountry. This report is organized as follows: section onegives synthesis. Section two discusses household perceptionsabout climate change and extreme weather events. Sectionthree focuses on migration as a coping mechanisms and incomediversification strategy. Section four examines other copingand adaptation strategies. Section five discussesperceptions about government and community programs.