An egalitarian socialist legacy andrelatively high and growing levels of income, particularlyover the last decade, have translated into fairly equalgender outcomes in Russia along many dimensions. There areno significant differences in education levels between menand women, and in recent years more young women havecompleted post-secondary education than young men. Girlsoutperform boys in reading in standardized exams and do aswell as them in math and science. At first glance, women donot seem to have difficulties in transitioning from schoolto work or remaining employed over the life cycle. Andfemale labor force participation is significantly above thelevels observed in other countries in Europe and CentralAsia, as well as in the Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development, or OECD. This new assessment ofgender equality issues in Russia seeks to gauge the progressin all the domains of outcomes during the last 10 years, andto further understand the main causes behind the persistinggender gaps identified in the country. This assessmentbuilds on the analytical framework proposed by the WorldDevelopment Report 2012: gender equality and development(World Bank 2012a) to provide a general overview of genderissues in Russia, and it builds on literature at thefrontier in economics to go deeper in the two selectedtopics: adult mortality and gender gap in pay.
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