Household Energy Access for Cooking and Heating : Lessons Learned and the Way Forward

Ekouevi, Koffi ; Tuntivate, Voravate

Washington, DC: World Bank

关键词: ABATEMENT;    ABATEMENT MEASURES;    ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY;    ACCESS TO ENERGY;    ACCESS TO ENERGY SERVICES;   

DOI  :  10.1596/978-0-8213-9604-9
RP-ID  :  70276

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Half of humanity about 3 billion peopleare still relying on solid fuels for cooking and heating. Ofthat, about 2.5 billion people depend on traditional biomassfuels (wood, charcoal, agricultural waste, and animal dung),while about 400 million people use coal as their primarycooking and heating fuel (UNDP and WHO 2009). The majorityof the population relying on solid fuels lives inSub-Saharan Africa and in South Asia. In some countries inCentral America and in East Asia and the Pacific, the use ofsolid fuels is also significant. The inefficient andunsustainable production and use of these fuels result in asignificant public health hazard, as well as negativeenvironmental impacts that keep people in poverty.Strategies to improve energy access to the poor have focusedmainly on electricity access. They have often neglected nonelectricity household energy access. It is, however,estimated that about 2.8 billion people will still depend onfuel wood for cooking and heating in 2030 in abusiness-as-usual modus operandi (IEA 2010). The need forurgent interventions at the household level to providealternative energy services to help improve livelihoods isbecoming more and more accepted. This report's mainobjective is to conduct a review of the World Bank'sfinanced operations and selected interventions by otherinstitutions on household energy access in an attempt toexamine success and failure factors to inform the newgeneration of upcoming interventions. First, the reportprovides a brief literature review to lay out themultidimensional challenge of an overwhelming reliance onsolid fuels for cooking and heating. Second, it highlightshow the Bank and selected governments and organizations havebeen dealing with this challenge. Third, it presents lessonslearned to inform upcoming interventions. And finally, itindicates an outlook on the way forward.