The objective of this report is toprovide an assessment of the development objectives beforethe Russian Federation. To that end, this report assesses:1) development outcomes and prospects, and 2) the extent towhich the Government has been able to implement its socialand structural reform program. The analysis andrecommendations herein draw on knowledge acquired throughvarious World Bank activities in Russia as well as onsources external to the World Bank. The report is organizedas follows: Chapter 1 discusses development outcomes andprospects, which provides background for the report. Chapter2 focuses on improving the investment climate by reducingenergy subsidies, imposing a payments discipline, andstrengthening corporate governance as part of the enterpriserestructuring process. Incentives propounded to encouragethe growth of small and medium enterprises would includeimproving the business environment, reforming tax policy,strengthening the financial sector, reforming infrastructuremonopolies, promoting competitiveness, improving labormarket flexibility, and promoting rural investments. Chapter3 identifies key macroeconomic challenges and risks. Chapter4 examines the framework for enhancing human capabilitiesand protecting vulnerable groups. Finally, Chapter 5elaborates the steps to be undertaken to reform publicsector management, including improving intergovernmentalfiscal relations, public financial management, tax andcustoms administration, civil service, and the justice system.