In the transition from state-ownedmonopolies to privately led and increasingly competitivemarket structures in telecommunications, poor performance ofregulatory agencies limits the benefits of reform. This Noteproposes measures for establishing a regulatory frameworkthat enables better sector performance even when afull-fledged regulatory agency is lacking. These measuresreduce the need for agency decisions -- for example, byprepackaging rules and accelerating competition. Theyenhance the credibility of regulation -- for example, bylocking in principles through international agreements. Andthey generate maximum impact from scarce professional andfinancial resources by using them effectively -- such as bycontracting out functions and creating multisectoral orregional agencies.