The Living Standards Measurement Study(LSMS) surveys which have collected information on manydimensions of household well-being for over 36 countriessince 1980are one of the most important data sources forinforming policy making on development. The LSMS surveyshave been used to assess household welfare, to understandhousehold behavior, and to evaluate the welfare impact ofvarious government policies. These surveys, however, lackwell-designed instruments for understanding farm-leveladaptation behavior to climate variability, in particularwater resource variability and stress in agriculture. Forthe purpose of improving the quality, relevance andsustainability of smallholder agricultural data inSub-Saharan Africa, the Living Standards MeasurementStudy-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) projectwas started with a grant from the Bill and Melinda GatesFoundation, and is implemented by the LSMS team in theDevelopment Research Group (DECRG) of the World Bank. Underthe LSMS-ISA initiative, the World Bank is supporting sevencountries in Sub-Saharan Africa, namely Ethiopia, Malawi,Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda, to establishsystems of multi-topic, panel household surveys with astrong focus on agriculture. The surveys collect essentialinformation to improve our understanding of economicdevelopment in Africa, particularly with regards toagriculture and linkages between farm and non-farm activities.