This report explains why agriculturalinsurance is expensive to deliver to small farm households,details risk assessment in four provinces, and recommendsChina put more resources in developing products that aremore suited to an agricultural economy that is dominated bysmall farm households.The report discusses the importantrole of government in supporting the legal and regulatoryenvironment, access to data for new product development,risk sharing, and broader education of all stakeholdersabout the benefits of agricultural insurance. It alsoexplains why this form of subsidy could provide improvedincentives versus a direct subsidy for farmer premium.Thereport concludes with principle recommendations involvingscalable product solutions, risk financing strategy,intuitional capacity building and technical assistance,legal and regulatory framework, and government support andpublic subsidies.