Gender-based violence, or GBV, is one ofthe most oppressive forms of gender inequality, posing afundamental barrier to the equal participation of women andmen in social, economic, and political spheres. GBV includesintimate partner violence, non-partner sexual assault,female genital mutilation, sexual exploitation and abuse,child abuse, female infanticide, and child marriage. Suchviolence impedes gender equality and the achievement of arange of development outcomes. In Nigeria, like in otherjurisdictions, GBV remains a challenge that significantlyconstrains women’s autonomy and opportunities. Conflict inNigeria’s North East geopolitical zone has furthercontributed to a steep rise in violence targeted againstwomen and children by Boko Haram. This report uses thesocial ecological model as the basis to analyze prevalentGBV risks in Nigeria. It first describes the legislative andpolicy level frameworks associated with violence againstwomen and girls as well as their implementation at thenational and subnational levels. It then provides a detailedanalysis of specific social norms that have createdacceptance for or at least a lack of condemnation of GBV atthe community level. Finally, based on field research, itdelves deeper into some of the interpersonal and individualdrivers of various forms of GBV in the selected communities.