The people of Swaziland are its greatestresource. Yet, social and economic indicators of householdwelfare converge to confirm fundamental inequalities inaccess to incomes and assets, and the existence ofsignificant poverty and deprivation. Furthermore, as theregional economic and social climate is transformed, thefragile gains of the past are being fast eroded. At thishistoric juncture, the Swazi poor need to come to the foreof the public policy framework. There is an urgent need tocatalyze a new pattern of pro-poor development in Swazilandwhere the poor participate and share fully in growth, humandevelopment, and social protection. The report calls forprioritizing the following actions: 1) enabling the growthof smallholder agriculture, 2) ensuring effective humandevelopment investments, 3) insuring the poor against majorrisks, and 4) strengthening institutions to increase thepoverty impact of policies. The achievement of all thesewill require fundamental change across sectors andleadership to carry forward the change.