The study reviews Niger's waterresources, and planning process, through its short- andmedium-term water investment program, and priorities in thewater supply, and sanitation sector. Critical challenges areexamined for improving its complex water resourcesmanagement to support economic growth, given its landlockedsituation, with diffuse, and mostly rural population, andimmense, untapped fossil aquifer supplies. Despite multiplesurface water basins, very little precipitation occur, thusthe government has recently undertaken a ten-year process ofpreparing a water resource management investment strategy,one that requires financial resources currently unavailable.Information and data management, institutional arrangements,and the legal, and regulatory framework is analyzed toachieve a feasible master plan, and strengthen implicationsfor the water sub-sectors. Recommendations suggest thedevelopment of financing mechanisms, consistent withsustainable management of water resources, in line withstrengthening water data collection, and information systems.