A social assessment was done during thepreparation of Tajikistan's Pilot Poverty AlleviationProject to answer several key questions: What are the poorpeople's priority needs and wants?Why are they poor?What are their own strategies for improving their lives?And how can they be helped to improve their circumstances?By answering these questions, the social assessment helpedthe project team incorporate poor people's prioritiesfor poverty alleviation, identify nongovernmentalorganizations (NGOs) whose scaled-up programs would formpart of the project, understand and address risks to projectsuccess, build local capacity to carry out participatoryresearch, and influence the national dialogue on poverty andthe potential role of small-scale, participatorymicroprojects for poverty alleviation.The Pilot PovertyAlleviation Project is designed to improve poorpeople's lives by scaling-up international NGO programsand financing small, participatory microprojects through therecently established Tajikistan Social Investment Fund.