Grameen Telecom has provided telephoneaccess to nearly 3 million poor villages beyond the reach ofthe main phone network. The pay phone initiative hasbenefited from a number of factors: the level of demand forcommunications in rural areas; the use of the Grameen brandname, facilities, and in-kind support; the large number ofBangladeshis working abroad and wanting to call home; andthe country's very high population density. But theinitiative has also been held back by problemsinterconnecting with the network of the incumbent utilityand a regulatory framework that has not yet developed thestrength and independence to create fair rules of the gamefor all operators.